Looking Ahead Toward Community-Level Strategies to Prevent Sexual Violence
Looking Ahead Toward Community-Level Strategies to Prevent Sexual Violence
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DOI：
10.1089/jwh.2011.3263
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Valle, Linda Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DeGue, Sarah;Holt, Melissa K.;Valle, Linda Anne
美国疾病控制与预防中心下属的国家伤害预防与控制中心暴力预防司最近对性暴力（SV）犯罪的初级预防策略进行了系统审查。这篇综述指出，文献中缺乏社区层面的策略来预防SV，这是一个关键的空白。社区一级的战略通过改变环境（如学校、工作场所、社区）的特征来发挥作用，这些特征增加了暴力受害和犯罪的风险。在社区层面确定以证据为基础的战略将有助于实施生态方法来预防性侵犯，从而更有可能减少性侵犯的发生率。在确定和评估有希望的社区一级预防性传播感染战略的有效性方面，该领域将面临若干挑战。这些挑战包括对社区层面和社会层面的性侵犯风险因素的了解有限，性侵犯文献中缺乏理论或经验指导以确定有前途的社区层面方法，以及在社区层面评估性侵犯结果方面的挑战。认识到这些挑战应该指导未来的研究，并促进SV预防领域的对话。制定和评估社区层面的性传播感染预防方法是朝着实施有效的多层次预防工作和在人口层面上降低性传播感染流行率迈出的重要和合乎逻辑的下一步。
The Division of Violence Prevention within CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control recently undertook a systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence (SV) perpetration. This review identified the lack of community-level strategies to prevent SV as a critical gap in the literature. Community-level strategies function by modifying the characteristics of settings (e. g., schools, workplaces, neighborhoods) that increase the risk for violence victimization and perpetration. Identification of evidence-based strategies at the community level would allow implementation of ecologic approaches to SV prevention with a greater potential for reducing the prevalence of SV perpetration. The field will face several challenges in identifying and evaluating the effectiveness of promising community-level strategies to prevent SV. These challenges include limited knowledge of community-level and societal-level risk factors for SV, a lack of theoretical or empirical guidance in the SV literature for identification of promising community-level approaches, and challenges in evaluating SV outcomes at the community level. Recognition of these challenges should guide future research and foster dialogue within the SV prevention field. The development and evaluation of community-level approaches to SV prevention represent a vital and logical next step toward the implementation of effective, multilevel prevention efforts and a population-level reduction in the prevalence of SV.