The Economics of Container Transhipment in Northern Europe
The Economics of Container Transhipment in Northern Europe
复制标题
北欧集装箱转运的经济学
DOI：
10.1057/palgrave.ijme.9100048
复制
发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Baird
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Baird
传统上，海事经济学家、港口和航运公司认为集装箱转运比直接呼叫服务更昂贵，主要是因为涉及额外的支线成本和集装箱提升费。这似乎与正在进行的行业发展背道而驰，转运枢纽现在在大多数主要地区相当普遍。这里，对北欧转运的模拟成本进行了估计，并与另一种多港口服务进行了比较。结论是，与多端口直拨服务相比，转运可以提供显著的运营和资本成本优势。转运优势的解释涉及海上和港口与多港式路线相关的不经济，再加上集装箱装卸成本和纯粹转运码头的生产率优势，增加了支线的规模经济。随着向枢纽-枢纽班车和相关支线服务的转变，这些结果表明，在作为超大型船舶低成本集装箱中转站提供离岸转运枢纽码头方面，可能会有进一步的发展。政策制定者需要意识到，作为在受限制的传统港口地点内继续人工开发(和复制)大型船舶集装箱码头能力的替代办法，增加使用离岸转运码头所产生的生态和经济净效益，以及对此提供支持的任何要求。
Traditionally, maritime economists, ports and shipping lines have considered container transhipment to be more expensive than direct call services, mainly by virtue of the extra feeder costs and container lift charges involved. This seems contrary to ongoing industry developments, with transhipment hubs now quite common in most major regions. Here, modelled costs for transhipment in northern Europe have been estimated and compared with an alternative multiport service. The conclusion is that transhipment can offer substantial operating and capital cost advantages compared with multiport direct call services. The explanation for transhipment advantages relates to diseconomies both at sea and in port associated with multiport style itineraries, coupled with container handling cost and productivity advantages pertaining to pure transhipment terminals, added to enhanced feedership economies of scale. In line with a move towards hub–hub shuttles and associated feeder services, these results indicate that further developments might be expected in regard to offshore transhipment hub terminals being provided as low-cost container transfer points for very large vessels. Policy makers need to be aware of the net benefits, both ecological and economic, resulting from increased use of offshore transhipment terminals as an alternative to continued artificial development (and duplication) of big ship container terminal capacity within constrained traditional port locations, and any requirement for support thereof.