Combining Multiple Observational Data Sources to Estimate Causal Effects.

Combining Multiple Observational Data Sources to Estimate Causal Effects.
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DOI:
10.1080/01621459.2019.1609973
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Ding P
Ding P
中科院分区:
数学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yang S;Ding P

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大数据时代见证了用于统计分析的多个数据源的日益可用性。我们考虑将大的主数据与不可测量的混杂因素和较小的验证数据与这些混杂因素的补充信息相结合来估计因果效应。在完全观察到混杂因素的无混杂假设下,较小的验证数据允许构造因果效应的一致估计,但大的主数据通常只能给出易错估计。然而,通过以原则性的方式利用大主数据中的信息,我们可以提高估计效率,同时保留仅基于验证数据的初始估计量的可靠性。我们的框架适用于渐近正态估计,包括常用的回归插补,加权和匹配估计,并不需要一个正确的规范的模型相关的不可测量的混杂因素的观察变量。我们还提出了适当的自举程序,这使得我们的方法直接使用现有的估计软件例程来实现。本文的补充材料可在网上查阅。
The era of big data has witnessed an increasing availability of multiple data sources for statistical analyses. We consider estimation of causal effects combining big main data with unmeasured confounders and smaller validation data with supplementary information on these confounders. Under the unconfoundedness assumption with completely observed confounders, the smaller validation data allow for constructing consistent estimators for causal effects, but the big main data can only give error-prone estimators in general. However, by leveraging the information in the big main data in a principled way, we can improve the estimation efficiencies yet preserve the consistencies of the initial estimators based solely on the validation data. Our framework applies to asymptotically normal estimators, including the commonly used regression imputation, weighting, and matching estimators, and does not require a correct specification of the model relating the unmeasured confounders to the observed variables. We also propose appropriate bootstrap procedures, which makes our method straightforward to implement using software routines for existing estimators. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
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