Modeling neurodevelopmental cognitive deficits in tasks with cross-species translational validity.
Modeling neurodevelopmental cognitive deficits in tasks with cross-species translational validity.
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DOI：
10.1111/gbb.12268
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Young JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cope ZA;Powell SB;Young JW
许多认知功能障碍与功能结局相关的精神障碍具有神经发育起源，包括精神分裂症、自闭症、双相情感障碍等。这些认知缺陷需要治疗，这需要使用动物模型进行开发。神经发育障碍的模型和障碍本身一样多种多样，重现了障碍的一些但不是所有方面。这种多样性可能在一定程度上解释了为什么从这些模型翻译而来的所谓的促认知治疗未能恢复目标患者群体的功能。这些模型中使用的环境因素引起的进一步并发症也导致许多疾病，因此可能仅影响特定领域，其中定义个体疾病的诊断边界限制了翻译功效。研究领域标准（RDoC）项目旨在“开发基于行为维度和神经生物学测量的精神障碍分类新方法”，希望通过对人类临床表现的诊断边界保持不可知论来促进转化研究。因此，模型可以重建认知功能障碍的生物特征，而不管疾病状态如何。这篇综述重点介绍了在跨物种转化认知范式中测试的精神疾病神经发育模型领域的工作，这些范式直接为这一新开发的研究策略提供了信息。通过阐述这种方法，我们希望可以根据每种操作所引起的认知概况来更全面地理解每种模型。因此，可以开始得出结论的性质，认知神经病理学的神经发育和其他疾病，增加的机会，亲认知治疗的发展受影响的个人在特定的认知领域。
Numerous psychiatric disorders whose cognitive dysfunction links to functional outcome have neurodevelopmental origins including schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, etc.. Treatments are needed for these cognitive deficits, which require development using animal models. Models of neurodevelopmental disorders are as varied and diverse as the disorders themselves, recreating some but not all aspects of the disorder. This variety may in part underlie why purported pro-cognitive treatments translated from these models have failed to restore functioning in the targeted patient populations. Further complications arise from environmental factors used in these models also contribute to numerous disorders and so perhaps impact only specific domains, with diagnostic boundaries defining individual disorders limiting translational efficacy. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project seeks to “develop new ways to classify mental disorders based on behavioral dimensions and neurobiological measures” in hopes of facilitating translational research by remaining agnostic towards diagnostic borders derived from clinical presentation in humans. Models could therefore recreate biosignatures of cognitive dysfunction irrespective of disease state. This review highlights work within the field of neurodevelopmental models of psychiatric disorders tested in cross-species translational cognitive paradigms that directly inform this newly developing research strategy. By expounding on this approach, the hopes are that a fuller understanding of each model may be attainable in terms of the cognitive profile elicited by each manipulation. Hence, conclusions may begin to be drawn on the nature of cognitive neuropathology on neurodevelopmental and other disorders, increasing the chances of pro-cognitive treatment development for individuals affected in specific cognitive domains.