Attracting Skilled Immigrants: An Overview of Recent Policy Developments in Advanced Countries
Attracting Skilled Immigrants: An Overview of Recent Policy Developments in Advanced Countries
复制标题
吸引技术移民：发达国家近期政策发展概述
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
E. Lodigiani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Facchini;E. Lodigiani
在本文中，我们回顾了主要西方目的地国为吸引高技术移民而制定的政策。可以确定两个主要系统。一方面，雇主驱动的计划通常要求移民满足一套最低技能要求，并在工作签证签发之前获得工作机会。另一方面，移民驱动的计划通常不要求提供工作机会，而是根据决策者选择的一系列特征选择移民。雇主驱动的计划是我们在分析中考虑的国家样本中的主要政策工具，只有澳大利亚，加拿大和新西兰将移民驱动的计划作为其技能选择性移民政策的支柱。我们审查的初步证据表明，后者在提高移民人口的技能水平方面更有效，并对欧盟蓝卡等仍然基于雇主驱动系统的新举措的有用性表示怀疑。
In this paper we review the policies put in place by the main Western destination countries to attract highly skilled migrants. Two main systems can be identified. On the one hand, employer-driven schemes typically call for the migrant to meet a set of minimum skill requirements and to have a job offer before a work visa can be issued. On the other, migrant-driven schemes typically do not require a job offer, and instead select the migrant based on a set of characteristics chosen by the policymaker. Employer-driven schemes are the dominant policy tool in the sample of countries we consider in the analysis, and only Australia, Canada and New Zealand have made migrant-driven schemes the mainstay of their skill selective immigration policy. The preliminary evidence we review suggests that the latter are more effective in increasing the skill level of the immigrant population, and casts doubts on the usefulness of new initiatives like the EU blue card that are still based on an employer-driven system.