Experience Can Change Distinct Size-Weight Priors Engaged in Lifting Objects and Judging their Weights
Experience Can Change Distinct Size-Weight Priors Engaged in Lifting Objects and Judging their Weights
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.042
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发表时间：
2008-11-25
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Johansson, Roland S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flanagan, J. Randall;Bittner, Jennifer P.;Johansson, Roland S.
物体重量随尺寸增加的预期指导着操纵动作的控制[1-6]，也影响着体重感知。因此，尺寸-重量错觉，即人们认为两个同等重量的物体中较小的那个更重，被认为是由于对重量的判断是相对于预期重量的，对于给定的一系列物体，预期重量会随着尺寸的增加而增加[2,7]。在这里，我们表明，体重随尺寸增加的基本预期可以通过经验改变，既不是硬的，也不是在发育过程中形成的。我们证明，在举起一组颜色和纹理相同且重量与体积成反比的积木时，经过多日的练习，逐渐减弱并最终逆转了用类似积木测试的尺寸-重量错觉。我们还表明，与尺寸-重量错觉的逐渐变化相反，感觉运动系统迅速学会预测倒置物体的重量，正如升力所揭示的那样。因此，我们的研究结果表明，不同的自适应尺寸-重量图，或先验，是举重物体重量预测和判断重量的基础。我们认为，影响体重感知的尺寸-重量先验变化缓慢，因为它们是基于整个物体家族的。支持动作的大小权重先验更灵活，适应更快，因为它们针对特定对象及其当前状态进行了调整。
The expectation that object weight increases with size guides the control of manipulatory actions [1-6] and also influences weight perception. Thus, the size-weight illusion, whereby people perceive the smaller of two equally weighted objects to be heavier, is thought to arise because weight is judged relative to expected weight that, for a given family of objects, increases with size [2, 7]. Here, we show that the fundamental expectation that weight increases with size can be altered by experience and neither is hard-wired nor becomes crystallized during development. We demonstrate that multiday practice in lifting a set of blocks whose color and texture are the same and whose weights vary inversely with volume gradually attenuates and ultimately inverts the size-weight illusion tested with similar blocks. We also show that in contrast to this gradual change in the size-weight illusion, the sensorimotor system rapidly learns to predict the inverted object weights, as revealed by lift forces. Thus, our results indicate that distinct adaptive size-weight maps, or priors, underlie weight predictions made in lifting objects and in judging their weights. We suggest that size-weight priors that influence weight perception change slowly because they are based on entire families of objects. Size-weight priors supporting action are more flexible, and adapt more rapidly, because they are tuned to specific objects and their current state.