Effects of physical activity interventions in youth - Review and synthesis
Effects of physical activity interventions in youth - Review and synthesis
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DOI：
10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00082-8
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发表时间：
1998-11-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Booth, ML
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stone, EJ;McKenzie, TL;Booth, ML
简介：缺乏身体活动已被确定为青少年重要的公共卫生问题。学校和社区环境可以成为促进体育活动 (PA) 的重要基础设施。本文回顾了对学前班和大学年龄段人群在学校和社区环境中体育活动的研究，以确定干预措施的特点和效果。包括正在进行的研究。方法：通过计算机搜索方法和已发表评论的参考列表确定了 1980 年至 1997 年在学校和社区环境中测试体育活动干预措施的研究。研究需要使用 PA 的定量评估，使用比较组或对照组，包括从学前班到大学年龄的参与者，并在美国或外国学校或社区环境中进行。对各种干预措施的总体影响显着性进行了审查。结果：审查了 22 项以学校为基础的研究，其中 14 项已完成，8 项正在进行中。三项研究是在美国以外的国家进行的。正在进行的 8 项研究均在美国进行。仅审查了 7 项社区研究，全部发生在美国。四项研究正在进行中。一些社区研究涉及很大比例的非裔美国人或西班牙裔青年及其家人。研究表明，最好的结果是使用随机设计、有效和可靠的测量以及更广泛的干预措施。一些随访结果显示干预结束后 PA 持续存在。结论：学校和社区研究的收集仅限于几个年龄组，没有一个低于三年级，只有三个在大学年龄。社区研究很少。最为人所知的是高年级学生，包括第一个多中心随机试验，该试验报告了在体育教育 (PE) 中增加中度至剧烈体力活动 (MVPA) 和增加校外剧烈体力活动 (PA) 的显着结果。许多较旧的研究设计都很薄弱，评估也未达到最佳状态，但正在进行的研究更强。需要特别关注女童、中学和所有青少年的社区环境。需要更客观的评估来衡量校外和年幼儿童的 PA，因为他们无法提供可靠的自我报告。
Introduction: Physical inactivity has been identified as an important public health concern for youth. School and community settings can be important infrastructures for promoting physical activity (PA). This paper reviews studies of physical activity in school and community settings among preschool through college-aged persons to determine characteristics and effects of interventions. Studies in progress are included.Methods: Studies from 1980 to 1997 testing physical activity interventions in schools and community settings were identified by computerized search methods and reference lists of published reviews. Studies needed to have used a quantitative assessment of PA, used a comparison or control group, included participants who were preschool through college age, and be conducted in the United States or foreign school or community settings. Significance of effects was examined overall and for various types of interventions.Results: Twenty-two school-based studies were reviewed, 14 completed and 8 in progress. Three studies were in countries other than the United States. The 8 studies in progress were all in the United States. Only 7 community studies were reviewed, all in the United States. Four studies were in progress. Several community studies involved a high percentage of African-American or Hispanic youth and their families. Studies showing the best results used randomized designs, valid and reliable measurements, and more extensive interventions. Some follow-up results showed PA was sustained after interventions ended.Conclusions: The collection of school and community studies is limited for several age groups with none below third grade and only three at college age. There are few community studies. The most is known about upper-elementary-age-students, including the first multicenter randomized trial to report significant results for increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in physical education (PE) and increase vigorous PA outside of school. A number of older study designs were weak and assessments less than optimal, but studies in progress are stronger. Special attention is needed for girls, middle schools, and community settings for all youth. More objective assessments are needed for measuring PA outside of school and in younger children, since they cannot provide reliable self-report.