From Antigen Delivery System to Adjuvanticy: The Board Application of Nanoparticles in Vaccinology.
From Antigen Delivery System to Adjuvanticy: The Board Application of Nanoparticles in Vaccinology.
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DOI：
10.3390/vaccines3040930
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发表时间：
2015-11-05
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Italiani P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boraschi D;Italiani P
在过去的几年中，纳米技术已经引起了极大的兴趣，因为工程纳米颗粒在纳米医学中的潜在应用（即，在疫苗接种中、在诊断成像过程中以及作为治疗药物递送系统）。纳米粒子在医学中的应用带来了它们与免疫系统相互作用的问题，主要有两个原因：第一，了解纳米药物在被我们的防御系统识别和消除之前可以在生物体中持续多久并发挥其有益作用;第二，了解纳米粒子如何调节免疫反应以获得最佳效果。这个问题在基于使用纳米颗粒的疫苗制剂中至关重要，纳米颗粒既可以作为增强抗原加工的递送系统，也可以作为诱导和增强保护性免疫的免疫刺激佐剂，部分原因是它们能够激活炎性小体并诱导白细胞介素1β的成熟。纳米颗粒由于其生物相容性和物理化学性质（例如，尺寸、形状和表面电荷），其可以被定制以获得不同的免疫效果。本文综述了纳米颗粒作为新型预防性和治疗性疫苗的有前途/有吸引力的佐剂的最新策略。纳米疫苗的使用，以其实际上无限的可能性的具体设计，可以开辟道路，以精确的疫苗学，即，根据个体免疫反应性状态定制疫苗配方。
In the last years, nanotechnologies have raised great interest because of the potential applications of engineered nanoparticles in nanomedicine (i.e., in vaccination, in diagnostic imaging procedures, and as therapeutic drug delivery systems). The use of nanoparticles in medicine has brought about the issue of their interaction with the immune system for two main reasons: first, understanding how long nanomedicines could persist in the organism and exert their beneficial effects before being recognized and eliminated by our defensive systems; second, understanding how the immune responses can be modulated by nanoparticles in order to obtain optimal effects. This issue is crucial in vaccine formulations based on the use of nanoparticles, which can operate both as a delivery system to enhance antigen processing and as an immunostimulatory adjuvant to induce and amplify protective immunity, in part because of their ability to activate the inflammasome and induce the maturation of interleukin 1β. Nanoparticles can be excellent adjuvants due to their biocompatibility and their physicochemical properties (e.g., size, shape, and surface charge), which can be tailored to obtain different immunological effects. This review provides an overview of recent strategies for the use of nanoparticles as promising/attractive adjuvants for novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The use of nanovaccines, with their practically infinite possibilities of specific design, could open the way to precision vaccinology, i.e., vaccine formulations tailored on the individual immune reactivity status.