The proximate and the ultimate: past, present, and future
The proximate and the ultimate: past, present, and future
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DOI：
10.1016/s0376-6357(99)00035-2
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发表时间：
1999-07-19
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Dewsbury, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dewsbury, DA
近端-最终二分法所固有的区别有着悠久的历史。我研究了与这种区别有关的几个问题。区分不同的问题领域是很重要的，这样在动物行为研究中给出的答案类型就适合于被问到的问题类型。这可能需要的不仅仅是最近和最终之间的双向区分。我建议重新评估“功能”、“终极”和“终极因果关系”等术语。测量时遇到的方法学问题的差异适应性后果的替代行为模式，并使用近端刺激控制，以推断适应性的意义需要进一步考虑。(C)1999 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
The distinctions inherent in the proximate-ultimate dichotomy have a long history. I examined several issues related to this distinction. It is important that distinctions among different problem areas be made so that the type of answer presented in research in animal behavior is appropriate for the type of questions being asked. This may require more than the two-way distinction between the proximate and the ultimate. I suggest that such terms as 'function', 'ultimate', and 'ultimate causation' be re-evaluated. Methodological problems encountered when measuring differential adaptive consequences of alternative behavioral patterns and when using proximate stimulus control to infer adaptive significance require further consideration. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.