Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1835-4
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发表时间：
2016-10-18
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Cisse, Gueladio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Erismann, Severine;Diagbouga, Serge;Cisse, Gueladio
背景：不安全的饮用水、卫生条件不佳和缺乏卫生条件构成健康风险，特别是对低收入和中等收入国家的儿童。本研究旨在评估布基纳法索两个地区学龄儿童肠道寄生虫感染的患病率及其危险因素。方法：于2015年2月在布基纳法索高原中部和中西部地区随机抽取8所学校的385名8-14岁儿童进行横断面调查。粪便标本用加藤法和福尔马林乙醚浓缩法诊断蠕虫和肠道原虫感染。尿液样本用尿液过滤技术检测血吸虫虫卵。对社区水样(n=37)、儿童家庭水样(n=95)和儿童饮水杯水样(n=113)进行了大肠菌群和粪链球菌污染检测。通过问卷调查获得了有关个人和家庭层面风险因素的数据。结果：肠道寄生虫感染高发，84.7%的儿童携带肠道原虫，10.7%的儿童存在蠕虫感染。我们发现，与中西部地区(P<；0.001)相比，来自高原中部的儿童感染致病性肠道原虫(溶解组织内阿米巴/迪帕尔内阿米巴和肠贾第鞭毛虫)的几率明显较低。有家养动物(P=0.008)，特别是狗(P=0.016)家庭的儿童患肠道寄生虫病的几率更高，报告通过家务活接触淡水水源的儿童比没有接触水的儿童感染血吸虫的几率更高(P=0.035)。结论：在布基纳法索两个地区随机抽取的学校中，肠道原虫而不是蠕虫在学生中有较高的流行率。我们的研究结果呼吁针对布基纳法索这一地区的学龄儿童和农村社区采取具体的公共卫生措施。评估水、环境卫生和个人卫生干预措施对肠道寄生虫感染传播的影响将是很有意义的。
Background: Unsafe drinking water, unimproved sanitation and lack of hygiene pose health risks, particularly to children in low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in school-aged children in two regions of Burkina Faso.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in February 2015 with 385 children aged 8-14 years from eight randomly selected schools in the Plateau Central and Centre-Ouest regions of Burkina Faso. Stool samples were subjected to the Kato-Katz and a formalin-ether concentration method for the diagnosis of helminths and intestinal protozoa infections. Urine samples were examined with a urine filtration technique for Schistosoma haematobium eggs. Water samples from community sources (n = 37), children's households (n = 95) and children's drinking water cups (n = 113) were analysed for contamination with coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci. Data on individual and family-level risk factors were obtained using a questionnaire. Mixed logistic regression models were employed to determine factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in schoolchildren.Results: Intestinal parasitic infections were highly prevalent; 84.7 % of the children harboured intestinal protozoa, while helminth infections were diagnosed in 10.7 % of the children. We found significantly lower odds of pathogenic intestinal protozoa infection (Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar and Giardia intestinalis) among children from the Plateau Central, compared to the Centre-Ouest region (P < 0.001). Children from households with "freely roaming domestic animals" (P = 0.008), particularly dogs (P = 0.016) showed higher odds of G. intestinalis, and children reporting exposure to freshwater sources through domestic chores had higher odds of S. haematobium infection compared to children without this water contact activity (P = 0.035). Water quality, household drinking water source and storage did not emerge as significant risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections in children.Conclusions: Intestinal protozoa but not helminths were highly prevalent among schoolchildren in randomly selected schools in two regions of Burkina Faso. Our findings call for specific public health measures tailored to school-aged children and rural communities in this part of Burkina Faso. It will be interesting to assess the effect of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions on the transmission of intestinal parasitic infections.