Groundwater faecal pollution observation in parts of Indo-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin from in-situ measurements and satellite-based observations
Groundwater faecal pollution observation in parts of Indo-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin from in-situ measurements and satellite-based observations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12040-019-1087-8
复制
发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Bhattacharya, Jayanta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duttagupta, Srimanti;Bhattacharya, Animesh;Bhattacharya, Jayanta
全球超过四分之一的贫困人口生活在印度，他们无法获得基本的卫生设施和清洁的饮用水。因此，每年有数百万人因饮用被粪便污染的地下水而罹患肠道疾病。联合国可持续发展目标将到 2030 年让所有人获得安全用水和基本卫生设施列为第六个目标。近三十年来，首次研究了印度-恒河-雅鲁藏布江流域（IGB）经济改善对水源性粪便病原体减少的作用，以描绘由于发展而导致的印度地下水质量的长期改善趋势。使用地下水和卫星夜光（NL）中水传播粪便病原体浓度的长期时间（1990-2017）和高分辨率空间（行政区划，n = 2217）数据集来研究统计趋势和因果关系。对上述精选数据集进行了线性和非线性（Hodrick-Prescott）趋势分析、面板数据分析、贝叶斯向量自回归（VAR）和超前滞后因果关系（LLC）分析。然而，发展在缓解水质和公众健康方面的效率以及与经济发展的关系尚未得到充分认识。在这里，我们首次使用长期、高空间分辨率（n = 2217）、年度原位测量和多元统计模型，表明整个流域的空间变异地下水粪便病原体浓度（FC，2002-2017，-1.39+/-0.01％/年）已显着下降。在大多数地区，增加基于卫星的 NL 在减少 FC 方面发挥着重要作用（NL，1992-2013 年，3.05 +/- 0.01%/年）。然而，在识字率低的地区，却赶不上发展。地下水中粪便大肠菌群浓度的进一步下降可能标志着自 2014 年以来“清洁印度使命”的实施。
More than quarter of underprivileged global population, who lack access to basic sanitation and clean drinking water, live in India. Consequently, every year, millions suffer with enteric diseases from drinking faecal-contaminated groundwater. The UN Sustainable Development Goal lists access to safe water and basic sanitation for all by 2030, as their sixth goal. For the first time, the role of economic improvement on decrease in water-borne faecal pathogens was studied across Indo-Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin (IGB) for almost last three decades, to delineate the long-term improvement trends of groundwater quality across India, as a consequence of development. Long-term temporal (1990-2017) and high-resolution spatial (administrative block scale, n=2217) datasets of water-borne faecal pathogen concentration in groundwater and satellite-based nightlight (NL) were used to investigate the statistical trends and causal relationships. Linear and nonlinear (Hodrick-Prescott) trend analyses, panel data analyses, Bayesian vector autoregression (VAR) and lead-lag causality (LLC) analyses were performed on aforesaid culled datasets. However, the efficiency of development in alleviating the water quality and public health, and relationship with economic development, has not been well understood. Here, for the first time, using long-term, high-spatial resolution (n=2217), annual in-situ measurements and multivariate statistical models, we show that the spatially variable groundwater faecal pathogen concentration (FC, 2002-2017, -1.39 +/- 0.01%/yr) has been significantly decreased across the basin. In most areas, increasing satellite-based NL plays a significant role (NL, 1992-2013, 3.05 +/- 0.01%/yr) in reduction of FC. However, in areas with low literacy rate surpass development. Enhanced decrease of faecal coliform concentration in groundwater possibly signifies the implementation of Clean India Mission since 2014.