Stressors Reveal Ecosystems' Hidden Characteristics
Stressors Reveal Ecosystems' Hidden Characteristics
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DOI：
10.1029/2021jg006462
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Matheny
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Matheny
植被通过生理行为（如气孔关闭）、驯化和适应等机制，在短时间尺度和长时间尺度上对局部小气候作出动态响应。这些响应直接影响碳、水和能量循环，因此对于理解和预测地球系统对气候变化的响应至关重要。最近的几项研究表明，小气候的差异可以诱导结构和功能的驯化，并可能适应，在同一个生态系统。这种小气候差异可能是由坡度的变化、扰动历史甚至局部资源可用性造成的。生态系统的压力因素，如土壤水分可用性低，有限的光周期或高蒸汽压赤字已被证明揭示了这些系统中细微差异的巨大影响，如阳光与阴影叶片的数量或整个植物水分获取和使用的差异。这些发现突出了植物冠层结构和生态系统功能之间的联系，以及在更广泛的环境背景下对植被进行全面分析的必要性。这篇评论讨论了生态系统压力反应的一些关键影响，以及三种生态系统类型的适应，包括生态系统生态学，植物生理学，生态水文学和基于特征的植被气候动态建模。
Vegetation responds dynamically to local microclimates at both short and long time scales via mechanisms ranging from physiological behaviors, such as stomatal closure, to acclimation and adaptation. These responses influence the carbon, water, and energy cycles directly and are therefore crucial to understanding and predicting Earth system responses to a changing climate. Several recent studies have demonstrated that differences in microclimate can induce structural and functional acclimations, and potentially adaptations, within the same ecosystem. Such microclimate divergence can be caused by variability in slopes, disturbance history, or even localized resource availability. Ecosystem stressors such as low soil water availability, limited photoperiod, or high vapor pressure deficit have been shown to reveal the large impact of the subtle differences within these systems such as the number of sun versus shade leaves or differences in whole‐plant water acquisition and use. These findings highlight the linkages between plant canopy structure and ecosystem function, alongside the need for comprehensive analyses of vegetation within the broader context of its environment. This commentary addresses some of the key implications of ecosystem stress responses and accompanying acclimations across three ecosystem types for ecosystem ecology, plant physiology, ecohydrology and trait‐based modeling of vegetation‐climate dynamics.