Urban biodiversity: patterns and mechanisms
Urban biodiversity: patterns and mechanisms
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05925.x
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Saari, Susanna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Faeth, Stanley H.;Bang, Christofer;Saari, Susanna
城市生物多样性变化的模式现在已经相当明确，尽管温带城市的生物多样性变化比其他气候带的城市得到了更好的研究。一般来说，由于外来物种的进口，城市的植物物种丰富度往往增加，而动物物种丰富度下降。尽管物种丰富度有所下降，但城市地区某些群体，特别是鸟类和节肢动物的丰富度往往有所增加。虽然已经提出了几种生物多样性变化的模式，但对城市生物多样性模式的基本过程知之甚少。我们认为，人类直接控制植物，但相对较少的动物和微生物-剩余的生物群落是由这个植物“模板”，自然生态和进化过程的行为。因此，保护或重建城市地区内由植被界定的自然生境并不能保证生物群落的其他组成部分也会效仿。了解改变生物多样性的人为控制和自然过程对于保护城市生物多样性至关重要。这种城市生物多样性在未来世界生物多样性宝库中所占的比例将越来越大。
The patterns of biodiversity changes in cities are now fairly well established, although diversity changes in temperate cities are much better studied than cities in other climate zones. Generally, plant species richness often increases in cities due to importation of exotic species, whereas animal species richness declines. Abundances of some groups, especially birds and arthropods, often increase in urban areas despite declines in species richness. Although several models have been proposed for biodiversity change, the processes underlying the patterns of biodiversity in cities are poorly understood. We argue that humans directly control plants but relatively few animals and microbes- the remaining biological community is determined by this plant "template" upon which natural ecological and evolutionary processes act. As a result, conserving or reconstructing natural habitats defined by vegetation within urban areas is no guarantee that other components of the biological community will follow suit. Understanding the human-controlled and natural processes that alter biodiversity is essential for conserving urban biodiversity. This urban biodiversity will comprise a growing fraction of the world's repository of biodiversity in the future.