A review of transmission electron microscopes with in situ ion irradiation
A review of transmission electron microscopes with in situ ion irradiation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.nimb.2009.09.014
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Hinks, J. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hinks, J. A.
具有原位离子辐照的透射电子显微镜（TEM）在实验技术中是独特的，其允许在纳米级上直接观察材料的内部微观结构，同时它们受到高能粒子的轰击。通过直接研究辐射引起的和增强的效应，可以获得对原子作用的基本过程的宝贵见解，这些效应包括：相变和分离;机械和结构变化;原子/层混合和化学无序;成分变化;化学反应;晶粒生长和收缩;沉淀和溶解;缺陷/气泡的形成、生长、运动、聚结、去除和破坏;电离;扩散;和碰撞级联。获得的实验结果可用于验证计算模型的预测，从而阐明显微镜中观察到的现象背后的机制。距离DW首次对原位离子照射进行TEM观察已有50年了Pashley，A.E.B. Presland和J.W.在英国剑桥的管投资实验室的Menter和40年以来，第一个离子束系统与TEM的接口由P.A.萨克雷，R.S.纳尔逊和H.C. Sansom在联合王国Harwell的原子能研究机构。在这段时间里，该领域的文献中引用了大约30个这样的设施的例子。本文概述了该技术的重要性，特别是当前在理解核环境中辐射损伤方面所面临的挑战;介绍了原位离子辐照TEM的一些重要结构要素和设计考虑;简要介绍了这类仪器的发展历史;总结了过去世纪世界各地建造的设施;最后，重点介绍目前正在使用的工具。(C)2009 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with in situ ion irradiation is unique amongst experimental techniques in allowing the direct observation of the internal microstructure of materials on the nanoscale whilst they are being subjected to bombardment with energetic particles. invaluable insights into the underlying atomistic processes at work can be gained through direct investigation of radiation induced and enhanced effects such as: phase changes and segregation; mechanical and structural changes; atomic/layer mixing and chemical disorder; compositional changes; chemical reactions; grain growth and shrinkage; precipitation and dissolution; defect/bubble formation, growth, motion, coalescence, removal and destruction; ionisation; diffusion; and collision cascades. The experimental results obtained can be used to validate the predictions of computational models which in turn can elucidate the mechanisms behind the phenomena seen in the microscope.It is 50 years since the first TEM observations of in situ ion irradiation were made by D.W. Pashley, A.E.B. Presland and J.W. Menter at the Tube Investment Laboratories in Cambridge, United Kingdom and 40 years since the first interfacing of an ion beam system with a TEM by P.A. Thackery, R.S. Nelson and H.C. Sansom at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, United Kingdom. In that time the field has grown with references in the literature to around thirty examples of such facilities. This paper gives an overview of the importance of the technique, especially with regard to the current challenges faced in understanding radiation damage in nuclear environments; a description of some of the important construction elements and design considerations of TEMs with in situ ion irradiation; a brief history of the development of this type of instrument; a summary of the facilities built around the world over the last half century; and finally a focus on the instruments in operation today. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.