Here's looking at you, kid - Neural systems underlying face and gaze processing in fragile X syndrome
Here's looking at you, kid - Neural systems underlying face and gaze processing in fragile X syndrome
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DOI：
10.1001/archpsyc.61.3.281
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reiss, AL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garrett, AS;Menon, V;Reiss, AL
背景：患有脆性 X 综合征 (fraX) 的儿童有出现社交功能异常的风险，这些异常与自闭症和社交焦虑症的特征重叠。在这项研究中，我们分析了大脑对面部和凝视刺激的激活，以更好地了解 fraX 中与社会感知相关的神经功能。方法：将 11 名 fraX 女性受试者（年龄 10 至 22 岁）与年龄匹配的女性对照受试者进行比较。在功能磁共振成像过程中，以事件相关设计呈现前向和倾斜脸部的照片，每个照片都有直接凝视和回避凝视（4 种类型的刺激）。受试者被指示确定每张照片的注视方向。比较各组之间已知对面部和凝视刺激做出反应的大脑区域，即梭状回 (FG) 和颞上沟 (STS) 的激活情况，以隔离定向社会刺激感知中的神经异常。结果：与对照组相比，fraX 受试者确定凝视方向的准确性较低。 FG 的感兴趣区域分析揭示了诊断组和面部方向之间的显着相互作用。具体来说，对照受试者对前向面部的 FG 激活程度高于对成角度面部的 FG 激活，而 fraX 受试者对前向面部和成角度面部的 FG 激活没有差异。与 fraX 受试者相比，对照组对所有刺激都显示出更大的左侧 STS 激活。结论：我们的结果表明 fraX 受试者的凝视厌恶与 FG 在面部方向感知方面的专业化程度降低有关。 fraX 中 STS 激活的减少表明凝视处理异常。这些数据表明 fraX 中的凝视厌恶可能与面部和凝视处理背后的神经系统功能障碍有关。
Background: Children with fragile X syndrome (fraX) are at risk for manifesting abnormalities in social function that overlap with features of autism and social anxiety disorder. In this study, we analyzed brain activation in response to face and gaze stimuli to better understand neural functioning associated with social perception in fraX.Methods: Eleven female subjects with fraX, aged 10 to 22 years, were compared with age-matched female control subjects. Photographs of forward-facing and angled faces, each having direct and averted gaze (4 types of stimuli), were presented in an event-related design during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects were instructed to determine the direction of gaze for each photograph. Activation in brain regions known to respond to face and gaze stimuli, the fusiform gyrus (FG) and superior temporal sulcus (STS), were compared between groups to isolate neural abnormalities in the perception of directed social stimuli.Results: The fraX subjects had decreased accuracy in determining the direction of gaze compared with controls. Region of interest analysis of the FG revealed a significant interaction between diagnostic group and face orientation. Specifically, control subjects had greater FG activation to forward than to angled faces, whereas fraX subjects had no difference in FG activation to forward and angled faces. Controls showed greater left STS activation to all stimuli compared with fraX subjects.Conclusions: Our results suggest that gaze aversion in fraX subjects is related to decreased specialization of the FG in the perception of face orientation. Decreased STS activation in fraX suggests aberrant processing of gaze. These data suggest that gaze aversion in fraX may be related to dysfunction of neural systems underlying both face and gaze processing.