Beyond the artisanal mining site: migration, housing capital accumulation and indirect urbanization in East Africa
Beyond the artisanal mining site: migration, housing capital accumulation and indirect urbanization in East Africa
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超越手工采矿场：东非的移民、住房资本积累和间接城市化
DOI：
10.1080/17531055.2017.1287245
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
D. Bryceson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. B. Jønsson;D. Bryceson
在过去的30年里，坦桑尼亚经历了由手工矿工领导的连续的珍贵矿产热潮。他们的定居、生计和住房战略是在追求矿产财富的高度流动性中发展起来的。手工采矿者的空间流动和随之而来的有经济动机的移徙服务提供者推动了手工矿区和小城镇的大规模“直接城市化”。这些定居点的一般特点是住房比较临时，这可能掩盖了就地收入的累积储蓄，用于其他地方的住房投资。在本文中，除了记录由矿业主导的直接城市化进程外，我们还关注了随后的“间接城市化”现象，即许多成功的手工矿工和其他创业采矿定居点居民在较大的城镇和城市进行战略性的房屋建设投资。由于预计矿物产量将下降，在矿区“艰苦生活”的日子将结束，他们努力将储蓄投入到城市化程度较高的地区的住房中，目的是实现盈利商业活动的多样化，过上更好的物质和社会便利的生活。他们的第二波从矿区迁移到更多样化的目的地，特别是区域性城镇和城市，以适应他们的工作和家庭生活周期需求和生活方式偏好。这种由矿山主导的直接和间接城市化进程源于坦桑尼亚手工采矿部门参与者的连续迁移决策。在本文中，我们根据对坦桑尼亚矿产丰富地区Geita、Mwanza和Shinyanga的四个手工黄金和钻石开采定居点的实地调查结果，以及对居住在坦桑尼亚第二大城市Mwanza的矿工兼企业家的深入采访，对采矿定居点居民的选址选择进行了调查。
ABSTRACT During the past 30 years, Tanzania has experienced successive precious mineral rushes led by artisanal miners. Their settlement, livelihood and housing strategies have evolved amidst high mobility in pursuit of mineral wealth. Cumulatively, the spatial movement of artisanal miners and an associated following of economically motivated migrant service providers have catalysed large-scale “direct urbanization” at artisanal mine sites-cum-small towns. These settlements have been generally characterized by relatively makeshift accommodation, which may mask accumulated savings of in situ earnings for housing investment elsewhere. In this article, in addition to documenting the mine-led direct urbanization process, we draw attention to a subsequent “indirect urbanization” phenomenon, whereby many successful artisanal miners and other entrepreneurial mining settlement residents make strategic house building investments in larger towns and cities. In anticipation of declining mineral yields and retirement from days of “roughing it” in mining sites, they endeavour to channel savings into housing in more urbanized locations, aiming to diversify into profitable business activities, living a life with better physical and social amenities. Their second-wave onward migration from mine sites encompasses more diverse destinations, particularly regional towns and cities, which accommodate their work and family life cycle needs and lifestyle preferences. Such mine-led direct and indirect urbanization processes arise from sequential migration decision-making of participants in Tanzania’s artisanal mining sector. In this article, we interrogate mining settlement residents’ locational choices on the basis of fieldwork survey findings from four artisanal gold and diamond mining settlements in Tanzania’s mineral-rich regions of Geita, Mwanza and Shinyanga, and from in-depth interviews with miners-cum-entrepreneurs residing in Mwanza, Tanzania’s second largest city, situated in the heart of Tanzania’s gold fields.
尤里卡及其他地区：采矿业对非洲城市化的影响
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Bryceson D
通讯作者：
Bryceson D
影响因子：
1.4
作者：
Bryceson D
通讯作者：
Bryceson D
挖掘宝藏和麻烦：采矿业推动坦桑尼亚城市化
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Bryceson D
通讯作者：
Bryceson D