THERMUS AQUATICUS GEN N AND SP N A NONSPORULATING EXTREME THERMOPHILE
THERMUS AQUATICUS GEN N AND SP N A NONSPORULATING EXTREME THERMOPHILE
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DOI：
10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969
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发表时间：
1969-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
FREEZE, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BROCK, TD;FREEZE, H
一种新的嗜热细菌——水热菌的分离。n.和sp. n.被描述。成功的富集需要在70至75℃的条件下孵育，并使用相对于有机成分来说相对稀释的营养培养基。经常。水藻已经从黄石国家公园的各种温泉和加利福尼亚的一个温泉中分离出来。在远离温泉的地理位置，这种生物也与人造热栖息地（如热水）隔绝。隔离经常。水藻：革兰氏阴性无孢子、无运动的杆状体，在超优温度或静止期经常形成长丝状体。所有分离物形成黄色细胞色素，可能是类胡萝卜素。所有分离物形成的一个特征结构是一个大球体，比球质体大得多。这些大球体，以及溶菌酶诱导的球质体，抵抗渗透裂解。用CsCl密度梯度超离心法测定了4株菌株的脱氧核糖核酸碱基组成，发现其在65.4 ~ 67.4%的鸟嘌呤加胞嘧啶之间。所有被测试的分离株的生长都被相当低浓度的环丝氨酸、链霉素、青霉素、新霉素、四环素和氯霉素抑制。对一种菌株的营养研究表明，它不需要维生素或氨基酸，尽管在富集培养基中比在合成培养基中生长得快得多。几种糖类和有机酸可作为碳源，NH4+或谷氨酸均可作为氮源。该生物是专性需氧生物，其最佳apH为7.5至7.8。生长的最适温度为70℃，最适温度为79℃，最小温度约为40℃，最适生长时间约为50 min。讨论了这一新属与黏液菌、弹性菌和黄杆菌的可能关系。
The isolation of a new thermophilic bacterium,Thermus aquaticusgen. n. and sp. n., is described. Successful enrichment requires incubation at 70 to 75 C, and the use of nutrient media relatively dilute with respect to the organic components. Strains ofT. aquaticushave been isolated from a variety of thermal springs in Yellowstone National Park and from a thermal spring in California. The organism has also been isolated from man-made thermal habitats, such as hot tap water, in geographical locations quite distant from thermal springs. Isolates ofT. aquaticusare gram-negative nonsporulating nonmotile rods which frequently form long filaments at supraoptimal temperatures or in the stationary phase. All isolates form a yellow cellular pigment, probably a carotenoid. A characteristic structure formed by all isolates is a large sphere, considerably larger than a spheroplast. These large spheres, as well as lysozyme-induced spheroplasts, are resistant to osmotic lysis. Deoxyribonucleic acid base compositions of four strains were determined by CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation and found to be between 65.4 and 67.4 moles per cent guanine plus cytosine. The growth of all isolates tested is inhibited by fairly low concentrations of cycloserine, streptomycin, penicillin, novobiocin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Nutritional studies on one strain showed that it did not require vitamins or amino acids, although growth was considerably faster in enriched than in synthetic medium. Several sugars and organic acids served as carbon sources, and either NH4+or glutamate could serve as nitrogen source. The organism is an obligate aerobe and has apH optimum of 7.5 to 7.8. The optimum temperature for growth is 70 C, the maximum 79 C, and the minimum about 40 C. The generation time at the optimum is about 50 min. The possible relationships of this new genus to the myxobacteria, flexibacteria, and flavobacteria are discussed.