Cranial mechanics compared in extinct marsupial and extant African lions using a finite‐element approach
Cranial mechanics compared in extinct marsupial and extant African lions using a finite‐element approach
复制标题
使用有限元方法比较已灭绝的有袋动物和现存非洲狮的颅骨力学
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.2007.00389.x
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
S. Wroe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Wroe
很少有物种比澳大利亚灭绝的有袋类狮子Thylacoleo carnifex（Owen，1859）产生更多或更长的争议。在过去的世纪和半个世纪里，食骨和专门的草食动物的进食行为已经被提出，T。食肉动物被分为趾甲状和箭状两个分支。系统发生的位置仍然不确定，但在饮食方面已经取得了广泛的共识，所有最近的作者都同意T。食肉动物是食肉动物。然而，有袋类狮子非凡的头骨和牙齿形态仍然没有明确的类比，留下了许多关于这种最非典型的哺乳动物捕食者如何杀死猎物的问题没有答案。在这里，我应用比较生物学中迅速出现的新方法，有限元分析，对T。食肉动物比较与现存的狮子豹（林奈，1758年）的模拟设计的模型施加的压力分布咬（内在负载）和相互作用与挣扎的猎物（外在负载）。近似的3-D架构的下巴内收肌的建模表明，胎盘和有袋类狮子可以产生相当大的咬合力比已经预测使用2-D的方法，但相对较大的力量在有袋类动物。颅应力的分布在许多方面是相似的，在这两个物种，但从模拟外力的结果表明，有袋类动物是特别适应抵抗高应力，预计在处理相对较大的猎物。另一方面，在T.食肉动物在内部负载下的行为表明，它可能采用了一种非常不同的作案方式，其中食肉动物的牙齿在实现杀戮中发挥了积极作用。
Few species have generated more or longer running controversy than Australia's extinct marsupial lion Thylacoleo carnifex (Owen, 1859). Over the last century and a half, feeding behaviours as disparate as osteophagy and specialized herbivory have been suggested and T. carnifex has been placed in both phalangeriform and vombatiform clades. Phylogenetic placement remains uncertain, but broad consensus has been achieved regarding diet, with all recent authors agreeing that T. carnifex was a carnivore. However, the marsupial lion's extraordinary cranial and dental morphologies remain without clear analogy, leaving many questions unanswered regarding how this most atypical mammalian predator killed its prey. Here I apply a rapidly emerging new approach in comparative biology, finite-element analysis, to the examination of cranial mechanics in T. carnifex. Comparisons are made with an extant lion Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) under simulations designed to model stress distributions imposed by biting (intrinsic loads) and interaction with struggling prey (extrinsic loads). Modelling that approximates the 3-D architecture of jaw adductors suggests that both the placental and marsupial lions could generate considerably greater bite forces than has been predicted using 2-D approaches, but with relatively greater forces in the marsupial. The distribution of cranial stress is in many respects similar in both species, but results from simulations of extrinsic forces suggest that the marsupial was particularly well adapted to resist the high stresses that would be expected in dealings with relatively large prey. On the other hand, relatively high stress recorded in the rostrum of T. carnifex under intrinsic loadings suggests that it may have deployed a very different modus operandi, wherein the carnassial teeth played an active role in effecting a kill.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
RHO, JY;HOBATHO, MC;ASHMAN, RB
通讯作者：
ASHMAN, RB