Cognitive social learning and related perspectives on drug craving.
Cognitive social learning and related perspectives on drug craving.
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认知社会学习和对药物渴望的相关观点。
DOI：
10.1080/09652140050111726
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Niaura,R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niaura,R
许多关于药物使用和依赖性的现代理论都将渴望在药物使用和复吸中的作用置于中心地位。然而，一些人继续争论药物渴望是否对药物使用行为有任何激励意义。认知社会学习理论通过将渴望嵌入认知过程网络中增加了额外的视角，因为它们相互关联，影响药物使用和复发。本文回顾了认知社会学习理论的原则，因为他们涉及到渴望，专注于理论模型，试图解释如何渴望符合我们的理解的过程中的药物复吸。此外，认知社会学习理论补充了那些强调成瘾行为的生物学或信息处理方面的理论。评估社会学习理论要素的成瘾研究表明：（1）效能和渴望之间存在反向关系;（2）情感和渴望之间似乎存在关联，但这种关联的确切性质和强度尚不清楚;（3）结果期望和渴望之间的关系在很大程度上是未知的;（4）相应地，人们对应对和渴求之间的关系知之甚少。需要更多的实证研究来解决认知社会学习理论的优势和局限性，因为它涉及到我们对药物渴望的动机意义的理解。
Many modern theories of drug use and dependence assign central prominence to the role of craving in drug use and relapse. However, some continue to debate whether drug craving has any motivational significance in terms of drug‐using behaviors. Cognitive social learning theory adds additional perspective by imbedding craving within a network of cognitive processes that, as they inter‐relate, influence drug use and relapse. This paper reviews tenets of cognitive social learning theory as they relate to craving, focusing on theoretical models that have attempted to explain how craving fits our understanding of the process of drug relapse. In addition, cognitive social learning theory complements theories that emphasize more biological or information processing aspects of addictive behaviors. Studies of addiction that have assessed elements of social learning theory suggest the following: (1) there exists an inverse relationship between efficacy and craving; (2) there appears to be an association between affect and craving, but the precise nature and strength of this association is unclear; (3) the relationship between outcome expectations and craving is largely unknown; and (4) correspondingly little is known about relationships between coping and craving. More empirical study is needed to address the strengths and limitations of cognitive social learning theory as it relates to our understanding the motivational significance of drug craving.