Oxidative stress and fish immune system: phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity
Oxidative stress and fish immune system: phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity
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DOI：
10.1590/0001-3765201820170730
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
TAKAHASHI, LEONARDO S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BILLER, JAQUELINE D.;TAKAHASHI, LEONARDO S.
分子氧是所有需氧生物必需的化合物，尽管氧是一种强氧化剂，可引起氧化应激（OS）。当氧化剂和抗氧化剂成分的产生不平衡时，就会发生OS，这是正常细胞代谢的结果，其中许多化合物在几种代谢途径中起着基本作用。生物体产生几种活性氧（ROS），但它们由抗氧化防御系统平衡，该系统将这些氧化化合物的水平维持在可接受的水平。这些成分中的许多在生物防御中是必不可少的，它们的副产品被认为是有效的杀菌剂，积极地破坏入侵的病原体。鱼类的免疫系统由先天和后天两种防御机制组成。吞噬作用是一种先天的防御过程，它将这两个系统联系在一起，因为专业吞噬细胞对病原体的处理是抗体产生的基本阶段。在吞噬过程中会产生活性氧，随后产生自由基（FR），这些化合物导致形成有效的杀菌剂来对抗微生物。然而，众所周知，OS限制了免疫反应，通过破坏防御化合物来减少ROS的产生。鱼类FR生产的研究是初步的，应该进行评估活性氧对鱼类的影响，包括它们对病原体的有益作用及其对细胞成分氧化的有害作用。
Molecular oxygen is a necessary compound for all aerobic organisms, although oxygen is a potent oxidant, which can cause oxidative stress (OS). OS occurs when there is an imbalance between the production of oxidant and antioxidants components, are result of normal cell metabolism, and many of these compounds play a fundamental role in several metabolic pathways. The organism produces several reactive oxygen species (ROS), but they are balanced by an antioxidant defense system that maintains the levels of these oxidizing compounds at an acceptable level. Many of these components are essential in the organism defense and their byproducts are considered potent bactericides that actively act in the destruction of invading pathogens. Fish immune system is composed of innate and acquired mechanisms of defense. Phagocytosis is an innate process of defense, which interconnects these two systems, since the pathogens processing by professional phagocytes is a fundamental stage for antibodies production. During phagocytosis there is production of ROS and consequent production of free radicals (FR), these compounds lead to the formation of potent bactericides to combat microorganisms. However, it is known that OS limits the immune response, with an impairment in defense compounds in an attempt to decrease the ROS production. Studies of fish FR production are preliminary and should be executed to evaluate the effects of ROS on fish, including their beneficial action against pathogens and its deleterious action on the oxidation of cellular components.