Are Exposure and Ecological Risks of PAHs Underestimated at Petroleum Contaminated Sites?
Are Exposure and Ecological Risks of PAHs Underestimated at Petroleum Contaminated Sites?
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DOI：
10.1080/10807030390251029
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发表时间：
2003-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Barron;E. Holder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Barron;E. Holder
根据《资源保护和恢复法案》（RCRA）和《综合环境反应、赔偿和责任法案》（CERCLA）的规定进行的生态风险评估通常依赖于美国环境保护局（USEPA）优先污染物或附录IX分析物清单。这些方法只能量化石油和石油加工废物中发现的多环芳烃（PAHs）和杂环芳烃的有限子集。分析化学和石油指纹技术的发展表明，石油中烷基化多环芳烃的含量比传统分析方法所量化的非烷基化多环芳烃含量更丰富，持久性更强。我们利用一个湖泊中石油排放的多环芳烃污染的案例研究进行了筛选水平评估，该湖泊接收炼油厂废物和暴露于溢油的潮间带沉积物，以评估对底栖无脊椎动物和野生动物风险的低估程度。使用概率方法评估风险，并证明在RCRA和CERCLA站点应用的传统分析化学方法将低估岩石成因多环芳烃污染水生系统的暴露和风险。该分析还表明，提出的用于解释“未测量的”烷基化多环芳烃的数值校正因子也可能导致对石油释放的多环芳烃风险的严重低估
Ecological risk assessments conducted under the provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) typically rely on either U.S. Environmental Protection (USEPA) priority pollutant or Appendix IX analyte lists. These methods quantify only a limited subset of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatics found in oil and oil process wastes. Advances in analytical chemistry and petroleum fingerprinting techniques now show that the alkylated PAHs found in petroleum are more abundant and more persistent than the non-alkylated PAHs quantified by the traditional analytical methods applied in ecological risk assessments. We performed a screening level evaluation using case studies of PAH contamination from petroleum releases in a lake receiving refinery wastes and intertidal sediments exposed to spilled oil to assess the magnitude of underestimation of risks to benthic invertebrates and wildlife. Risks were assessed using a probabilistic approach and demonstrated that traditional analytical chemistry approaches applied at RCRA and CERCLA sites will underestimate exposure and risks of petrogenic PAHs contaminating aquatic systems. This analysis also shows that the numerical correction factor that has been proposed to account for ‘unmeasured’ alkylated PAHs can also result in a substantial underestimation of PAH risks from petroleum releases