Testing Darwin's transoceanic dispersal hypothesis for the inland nettle family (Urticaceae)
Testing Darwin's transoceanic dispersal hypothesis for the inland nettle family (Urticaceae)
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检验达尔文的内陆荨麻科（荨麻科）越洋传播假说
DOI：
10.1111/ele.13132
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Milne, Richard I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Zeng-Yuan;Liu, Jie;Milne, Richard I.
扩散是一个基本的生态过程，但证明长距离扩散（LDD）的发生和重要性仍然很困难，很少被广泛的，非沿海植物。为了解决这个问题，我们整合了内陆荨麻科的系统发育，分子测年，地理，生态，种子生物学和海洋学数据。我们发现荨麻科起源于欧亚大陆c. 69 Ma，其次是>= 92陆块之间的LDD事件。在实验条件下，许多荨麻科植物的种子漂浮了超过220天，并在海水中10个月后仍然存活，根据海洋学海流模型，这对于大多数检测到的LDD事件来说足够长。生态特征分析表明，干扰生境的偏好可能会促进土地退化。近一半的LDD事件涉及雌雄异株类群，所以在雌雄异株荨麻科种群建立需要多个种子，或偶尔自交。研究表明，海水LDD对荨麻科植物的地理分布具有重要影响，为达尔文的跨洋扩散假说提供了经验证据。
Dispersal is a fundamental ecological process, yet demonstrating the occurrence and importance of long-distance dispersal (LDD) remains difficult, having rarely been examined for widespread, non-coastal plants. To address this issue, we integrated phylogenetic, molecular dating, biogeographical, ecological, seed biology and oceanographic data for the inland Urticaceae. We found that Urticaceae originated in Eurasia c. 69 Ma, followed by >= 92 LDD events between landmasses. Under experimental conditions, seeds of many Urticaceae floated for > 220 days, and remained viable after 10 months in seawater, long enough for most detected LDD events, according to oceanographic current modelling. Ecological traits analyses indicated that preferences for disturbed habitats might facilitate LDD. Nearly half of all LDD events involved dioecious taxa, so population establishment in dioecious Urticaceae requires multiple seeds, or occasional selfing. Our work shows that seawater LDD played an important role in shaping the geographical distributions of Urticaceae, providing empirical evidence for Darwin's transoceanic dispersal hypothesis.