Using best expert judgement to harmonise marine environmental status assessment and maritime spatial planning
Using best expert judgement to harmonise marine environmental status assessment and maritime spatial planning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.029
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Borja, Angel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Elliott, Michael;Boyes, Suzanne J.;Borja, Angel
所有海洋国家都面临着保持其海洋环境质量的挑战，同时最大限度地发挥其经济潜力，因此需要适当的科学，治理和管理措施。在欧洲，指令和条例被用来应对影响海洋资源健康和可持续性的压力，并促进良好环境状况（例如海洋战略框架指令），同时具有连贯和综合的海洋使用模式（例如海洋空间规划指令）。因此，所有海洋国家都需要采取一种方法来应对这些挑战，包括欧洲共同采用这两项指令。由于这样的方法还不存在，这里提出了一个基于假设的例子和最佳专家判断（BEJ）方法。42名海洋科学、管理和影响评估专家就一种假设的海洋情景提出了意见，以得出和探讨适用于具有多种用途和用户的海洋区域的框架。该方案允许在GES的11个MSFD描述符上确定活动影响足迹的严重性，并根据每个活动影响足迹的面积对严重性进行加权。反过来，这使得可以计算海洋区域环境状况，从而表明采用质量评估和空间规划在实现环境目标方面是互利的，还是对立的。本文使用所提出的方法来讨论最大限度地提高海洋区域的同化能力，并尽量减少由于新的活动造成的环境退化。它特别显示了BEJ在海洋适应性管理仍然需要的情况下的作用，尽管它们往往缺乏管理决策所依据的信息或数据。
All maritime states have the challenge of maintaining the environmental quality of their seas while at the same time maximising their economic potential thus requiring appropriate science, governance and management measures. In Europe, directives and regulations are used to address the pressures affecting the health and sustainability of marine resources, and to promote Good Environmental Status (GES) (e.g. the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, MSFD), while having a coherent and integrated pattern of sea use (e.g. the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive, MSPD). Therefore, an approach is required to meet these challenges for all maritime states including, for Europe, the joint adoption of these two directives. As such an approach does not yet exist, one is proposed here based on a hypothetical example and a Best Expert Judgement (BEJ) methodology. Forty-two marine science, management and impact assessment specialists provided views on a hypothetical marine scenario to derive and interrogate a framework applicable to marine areas with multiple uses and users. The scenario allowed the severity of the activity effects-footprints to be determined on the 11 MSFD Descriptors of GES with that severity being weighted according to the area of each activity effect-footprint. In turn, this allowed the calculation of marine regional environmental status thereby indicating whether the adoption of quality assessment and spatial planning can be mutually beneficial, or are antagonistic in meeting environmental targets. This paper uses the proposed approach to discuss maximising the assimilative capacity of a marine area and minimising the environmental degradation due to new activities. It especially shows the role of BEJ in cases where marine adaptive management is still required despite their being an often paucity of information or data on which to base management decisions.