Potential of carpool for network traffic management
Potential of carpool for network traffic management
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijtst.2021.04.006
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Nie;Ruijie Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Nie;Ruijie Li
本研究探讨了在高度理想化的未来世界中拼车对网络流量的影响，在这个世界中，所有旅行者都愿意参与交通网络公司安排的拼车。我们建立了一个简约的拼车模型，重点是在不便成本和节省旅行成本之间进行权衡。该模型的基础是一个非线性二分匹配问题，旨在最大化通勤者的福利。通过假设拥塞效应可以忽略不计，我们得出了一些有用的分析结果。当不便成本小于乘客出行估值中位数时，平台总能实现近乎完美的匹配，同时最大化通勤者的福利，相当于减少 50% 的车流量。在完美匹配的情况下，如果旅客数量为偶数，我们提出的定价政策具有 Vickrey-Clark-Groves (VCG) 政策（实现社会最优解决方案的基准真实政策）的所有所需属性，但赤字较低。否则，我们表明 VCG 保单始终会产生利润。如果不便成本太高，完美匹配不再是社会最优的，但 VCG 政策仍然会产生正利润。数值实验的解通常与分析结果一致。他们还认为，只有当 O-D 对之间的匹配的不便成本显着低于内部匹配时，才会发生这种情况，而这在现实中是不太可能发生的。此外，当交叉 O-D 匹配变得普遍时，它会导致车辆行驶里程增加，从而导致拥堵更加严重。因此，从交通管理的角度来看，不应鼓励跨O-D拼车。
This study examines the impact of carpool on network traffic in a highly idealized futuristic world, where all travelers are willing to participate in carpool arranged by a Transportation Network Company. We build a parsimonious carpool model that focuses on the trade-off between inconvenience costs and travel cost savings. Underlying the model is a nonlinear bipartite matching problem that seeks to maximize commuters’ welfare. By assuming the congestion effect is negligible, we derive several useful analytical results. When the inconvenience cost is less than the median trip valuation of a rider, the platform could always achieve analmostperfect match while maximizing commuters’ welfare, which corresponds to a 50% reduction in vehicular traffic flow. In the case of perfect match, if there is an even number of travelers, we propose a pricing policy that possesses all desired properties of the Vickrey-Clark-Groves (VCG) policy – a benchmark truthful policy for achieving socially optimal solution – but runs a lower deficit. Otherwise, we show the VCG policy always generates a profit. If the inconvenience cost is too high, the perfect match is no longer socially optimal, but the VCG policy still yields a positive profit. Solutions from numerical experiments generally agree with the analytical results. They also suggest that matching across O-D pairs occurs only when it has a significantly lower inconvenience cost than matching within, an unlikely event in reality. Moreover, when cross O-D matching does become prevalent, it leads to higher vehicle miles travelled, hence worse congestion. Thus, from the point of view of traffic management, cross O-D carpool should not be encouraged.