Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses - An overview
Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses - An overview
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.019
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发表时间：
2007-10-20
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Richard, John L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richard, John L.
真菌毒素可能在作物生长的年代就已经存在了，但直到最近人们才认识到真菌代谢实体的真正化学性质。据推测，早在《死海古卷》中就有历史证据表明它们的存在。直到20世纪60年代初发现黄曲霉毒素，才有证据表明黄曲霉毒素是周期性的、历史性的。当时，真菌毒素被认为是一种储存现象，谷物在储存过程中发霉，从而产生这些次生代谢物，这些代谢物在被人类和其他动物食用时被证明是有毒的。随后，在田间作物发育过程中发现了几种黄曲霉毒素和真菌毒素。在许多已知真菌毒素中确定哪些是重要的，可以根据它们的发生频率和/或它们引起的疾病的严重程度，特别是在已知它们具有致癌性的情况下。属于这一主要类别的真菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌醇、伏马毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素和某些麦角生物碱。由这些真菌毒素引起的疾病（真菌中毒）种类繁多，涉及包括人类在内的多种易感动物物种。这些疾病大多是在食用受霉菌毒素污染的谷物或由此类谷物制成的产品后发生的，但也存在其他接触途径。真菌中毒的诊断可能是困难的，因为该病的症状与其他病原体引起的症状相似。因此，真菌中毒的诊断取决于对真菌毒素的充分检测，包括取样、样品制备和分析。(C) 2007 Elsevier b.v.版权所有
Mycotoxins likely have existed for as long as crops have been grown but recognition of the true chemical nature of such entities of fungal metabolism was not known until recent times. Conjecturally, there is historical evidence of their presence back as far as the time reported in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Evidence of their periodic, historical occurrence exists until the recognition of aflatoxins in the early 1960s. At that time mycotoxins were considered as a storage phenomenon whereby grains becoming moldy during storage allowed for the production of these secondary metabolites proven to be toxic when consumed by man and other animals. Subsequently, aflatoxins and mycotoxins of several kinds were found to be formed during development of crop plants in the field. The determination of which of the many known mycotoxins are significant can be based upon their frequency of occurrence and/or the severity of the disease that they produce, especially if they are known to be carcinogenic. Among the mycotoxins fitting into this major group would be the aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, ochratoxin and certain ergot alkaloids. The diseases (mycotoxicoses) caused by these mycotoxins are quite varied and involve a wide range of susceptible animal species including humans. Most of these diseases occur after consumption of mycotoxin contaminated grain or products made from such grains but other routes of exposure exist. The diagnosis of mycotoxicoses may prove to be difficult because of the similarity of signs of disease to those caused by other agents. Therefore, diagnosis of a mycotoxicoses is dependent upon adequate testing for mycotoxins involving sampling, sample preparation and analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.