Centrosome inheritance after fertilization and nuclear transfer in mammals.
Centrosome inheritance after fertilization and nuclear transfer in mammals.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-37754-4_4
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Qing-Yuan Sun;H. Schatten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Qing-Yuan Sun;H. Schatten
中心体是细胞中微管的主要组织中心，是由许多中心体蛋白组成的非膜结合的半保守细胞器，通常围绕一对垂直取向的圆柱形中心粒。因此，中心体基质通常被称为中心粒周围物质（PCM）。通过它们的微管组织功能，中心体对细胞器如线粒体和大分子复合物的运输和分布也至关重要。中心体经历细胞周期特异性重组和动力学。许多中心体相关蛋白是瞬时的和细胞周期特异性的，而其他蛋白，如γ-微管蛋白，与中心体结构永久相关。在配子发生过程中，精子保留其近端中心粒，但失去了大部分PCM，而卵母细胞退化的中心粒，但保留中心体蛋白。在包括人类在内的大多数哺乳动物中，精子在受精过程中贡献了近端中心粒。双亲中心体对合子的贡献对于大多数物种是典型的，但也有一些例外，例如小鼠，其中中心体是母系遗传的，中心粒在胚泡阶段重新组装。在重建胚胎中进行核移植后，供体细胞中心体复合体负责执行通常由精子中心体复合体在正常受精期间完成的功能，包括纺锤体组织，细胞周期进展和发育。在啮齿类动物中，核移植后供体细胞中心粒降解，来自供体细胞和受体卵母细胞的中心体蛋白有助于有丝分裂纺锤体组装。然而，关于克隆哺乳动物中心体的忠实重编程及其对胚胎发育的影响仍然存在问题。核移植卵中供体细胞中心体的分子动力学尚需进一步研究。核移植胚胎中中心体组分的命运和功能正在通过使用标记有特异性标记物的中心体蛋白的分子成像来研究，所述特异性标记物包括但不限于绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）。
Centrosomes, the main microtubule organizing centers in a cell, are nonmembrane-bound semi-conservative organelles consisting of numerous centrosome proteins that typically surround a pair of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical centrioles. Centrosome matrix is therefore oftentimes referred to as pericentriolar material (PCM). Through their microtubule organizing functions centrosomes are also crucial for transport and distribution of cell organelles such as mitochondria and macromolecular complexes. Centrosomes undergo cell cycle-specific reorganizations and dynamics. Many of the centrosome-associated proteins are transient and cell cycle-specific while others, such as γ-tubulin, are permanently associated with centrosome structure. During gametogenesis, the spermatozoon retains its proximal centriole while losing most of the PCM, whereas the oocyte degenerates centrioles while retaining centrosomal proteins. In most mammals including humans, the spermatozoon contributes the proximal centriole during fertilization. Biparental centrosome contributions to the zygote are typical for most species with some exceptions such as the mouse in which centrosomes are maternally inherited and centrioles are assembled de novo during the blastocyst stage. After nuclear transfer in reconstructed embryos, the donor cell centrosome complex is responsible for carrying out functions that are typically fulfilled by the sperm centrosome complex during normal fertilization, including spindle organization, cell cycle progression and development. In rodents, donor cell centrioles are degraded after nuclear transfer, and centrosomal proteins from both donor cell and recipient oocytes contribute to mitotic spindle assembly. However, questions remain about the faithful reprogramming of centrosomes in cloned mammals and its consequences for embryo development. The molecular dynamics of donor cell centrosomes in nuclear transfer eggs need further analysis. The fate and functions of centrosome components in nuclear transfer embryosare being investigated by using molecular imaging of centrosome proteins labeled with specific markers including, but not limited to, green fluorescent protein (GFP).