Pavlovian-based neurofeedback enhances meta-awareness of mind-wandering
Pavlovian-based neurofeedback enhances meta-awareness of mind-wandering
复制标题
基于巴甫洛夫的神经反馈增强了走神的元意识
DOI：
10.1016/j.neunet.2022.11.024
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Tanaka Saori C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawashima Issaku;Nagahama Toru;Kumano Hiroaki;Momose Keiko;Tanaka Saori C.
专注于走神（MW）可能会使我们的情绪恶化，并可能导致心理障碍。研究人员指出，MW的元意识可以防止这些不良影响，并增强MW的有利后果，例如提高创造力;因此，元意识已经引起了心理学和临床的关注。然而，很少有研究探讨MW的元意识的性质，因为一直没有方法来隔离和操作这种能力。因此，我们提出了一种新的方法来操纵元意识的能力。我们使用巴甫洛夫条件反射，将其与MW的发生和诱导MW元意识的中性音调联系起来。为了进行非条件刺激（中性音）和条件刺激（伴随MW的感知）的配对呈现，我们通过脑电图和机器学习估计方法检测参与者的MW自然发生。这项有37名参与者的双盲随机对照试验发现，通过行为和神经科学测量评估，单次20分钟的条件反射显著增加了MW的元意识。该方法的核心协议是对参与者神经信息的实时反馈，从这个意义上说，我们可以将其称为神经反馈。然而，有一些不同于典型的神经反馈协议，我们在本文中讨论它们。我们的新的经典条件反射，预计将有助于未来的研究的调制效果的元意识MW。
Absorption in mind-wandering (MW) may worsen our mood and can cause psychological disorders. Researchers indicate the possibility that meta-awareness of MW prevents these mal-effects and enhances favorable consequences of MW, such as boosting creativity; thus, meta-awareness has attracted psychological and clinical attention. However, few studies have investigated the nature of meta-awareness of MW, because there has been no method to isolate and operate this ability. Therefore, we propose a new approach to manipulate the ability of meta-awareness. We used Pavlovian conditioning, tying to it an occurrence of MW and a neutral tone sound inducing the meta-awareness of MW. To perform paired presentations of the unconditioned stimulus (neutral tone) and the conditioned stimulus (perception accompanying MW), we detected participants’ natural occurrence of MW via electroencephalogram and a machine-learning estimation method. The double-blinded randomized controlled trial with 37 participants found that a single 20-min conditioning session significantly increased the meta-awareness of MW as assessed by behavioral and neuroscientific measures. The core protocol of the proposed method is real-time feedback on participants’ neural information, and in that sense, we can refer to it as neurofeedback. However, there are some differences from typical neurofeedback protocols, and we discuss them in this paper. Our novel classical conditioning is expected to contribute to future research on the modulation effect of meta-awareness on MW.