Smallholder telecoupling and potential sustainability
Smallholder telecoupling and potential sustainability
复制标题
小农远程耦合和潜在的可持续性
DOI：
10.5751/es-09935-230130
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
S. Vanek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Zimmerer;E. Lambin;S. Vanek
鉴于小农对粮食和营养安全、农业和生物多样性保护的重要性，他们对全球可持续性至关重要。在世界范围内，小农受到扩大的远程联系的影响，他们的社会生态系统与大规模的社会经济和环境驱动因素联系在一起。本研究使用综合经验证据来论证小农通过市场(商品、劳动力、金融)、城市化、治理和技术的全球一体化所产生的联系实现远程联结。这些遥距耦合的力量往往对小农不利，而某些条件可能有助于其社会生态系统的潜在可持续性。选定的案例研究涉及以下方面的可持续性机会和限制：小农在远程联运中生产和消费高度农业生物多样性的安第斯玉米(玻利维亚)，国际生态认证在小农咖啡种植和农林中的作用(哥伦比亚)，小农有机乳制品生产在大规模市场和技术转让中的作用(美国中西部北部)，以及小农的全球利基商品生产阿甘油(摩洛哥)。这些案例研究被用来确定小农在远程联结方面面临的主要挑战和机会，并制定一个概念框架。这一框架规定了全球系统以及在包括国家一级在内的多个规模运作的有影响力的公共和私营机构的综合作用。该框架还纳入了小农多种土地使用单位的当地动态及其社会经济和环境变化。小农景观的空间溢出效应是另一个因素。这一框架进一步确立了小农的非浪漫、非目的论和反拜物教的观点。它提供了关于小农远程挂钩的多层次动态以及可加强生计、生物多样性保护以及粮食和营养安全的潜在可持续性机会的具体见解。这些见解被认为对环境、农业和食品科学家和学者(包括生物地球物理科学和社会科学)、政策制定者、机构分析师、发展专家和实践者、社会正义活动家以及其他寻求促进包括可持续发展在内的全球可持续发展的人都很有价值。
Smallholders are crucial for global sustainability given their importance to food and nutritional security, agriculture, and biodiversity conservation. Worldwide smallholders are subject to expanded telecoupling whereby their social-ecological systems are linked to large-scale socioeconomic and environmental drivers. The present research uses the synthesis of empirical evidence to demonstrate smallholder telecoupling through the linkages stemming from the global-level integration of markets (commodity, labor, finance), urbanization, governance, and technology. These telecoupling forces are often disadvantageous to smallholders while certain conditions can contribute to the potential sustainability of their social-ecological systems. Case studies were chosen to describe sustainability opportunities and limits involving smallholder production and consumption of high-agrobiodiversity Andean maize amid telecoupled migration (Bolivia), the role of international eco-certification in smallholder coffee-growing and agroforests (Colombia), smallholder organic dairy production in large-scale markets and technology transfer (upper Midwest, U.S.A.), and smallholders’ global niche commodity production of argan oil (Morocco). These case studies are used to identify the key challenges and opportunities faced by smallholders in telecoupling and to develop a conceptual framework. This framework specifies the integrated roles of global systems together with influential public and private institutions operating at multiple scales including the national level. The framework also integrates the local dynamics of smallholders’ multiple land use units and their socioeconomic and environmental variation. Spatial spillover effects in smallholder landscapes are an additional element. This framework further establishes the unRomantic, nonteleological, and antifetishistic view of smallholders. It provides specific insights on the multilevel dynamics of smallholder telecoupling and potential sustainability opportunities that can strengthen livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and food and nutritional security. These insights are concluded to be valuable to environmental, agricultural, and food scientists and scholars (both biogeophysical sciences and social sciences), policy makers, institutional analysts, development specialists and practitioners, social justice activists, and others seeking to advance global sustainability including sustainable development.
影响因子：
7
作者：
M. Wollni;Camilla Andersson
通讯作者：
M. Wollni;Camilla Andersson