Task-specific initial impact phase adjustments in lateral jumps and lateral landings
Task-specific initial impact phase adjustments in lateral jumps and lateral landings
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针对特定任务的横向跳跃和横向着陆的初始冲击阶段调整
DOI：
10.1007/s00421-011-1861-z
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Gollhofer A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fleischmann Jana;Gehring Dominic;Mornieux Guillaume;Gollhofer A
横向跳跃中的负荷相关调整被认为依赖于脚的位置和上肢的运动学和神经肌肉适应。本研究的目的是通过横向跳跃和横向着陆的比较，阐明在不同拉伸载荷下初始冲击阶段的任务特异性调整。10名受试者从4个距离进行横向跳跃和落地。测量下肢五块肌肉的肌电图（EMG）数据，并通过三维运动分析分析下肢运动学和动力学。横向跳跃的特点是冲击力增加，除了最初的膝关节外展力矩外，下肢关节力矩更高，膝关节矢状面和髋关节移位更大，脚进一步移位。侧着地时，踝关节前部和髋关节移位较大。大腿肌和胫前肌（TA）的前活动以及最初的冲击后肌电信号在横向跳跃中比在横向着陆时更高，而在反射诱导阶段，除了TA外，大腿肌和小腿肌的肌电信号在横向跳跃中增强。从这些发现可以得出结论，与横向着陆相比，横向跳跃的任务特异性阻碍了拉伸载荷对初始冲击力的充分调节，尤其是对踝关节载荷的影响。足部位置似乎在限制踝关节外侧和膝关节内侧负荷方面起决定性作用。因此，在含有高冲击额平面运动的运动中，在训练程序中应特别强调在这些运动中的足部放置策略。这种训练干预可能有助于预防横向运动中的损伤。
Load-dependant adjustments in lateral jumps are thought to rely on foot placement and on upper leg’s kinematic and neuromuscular adaptations. The aim of this study was to elucidate task-specific adjustments during the initial impact phase under varying stretch-loads by the comparison of lateral jumps and lateral landings. Ten subjects performed lateral jumps and landings from four distances. Electromyographic (EMG) data of five lower extremity muscles were measured, whilst lower extremity kinematics and kinetics were analysed by 3D motion analysis. Lateral jumps were characterized by increased impact forces, higher lower extremity joint moments with exception of the initial knee abduction moment, greater sagittal knee and hip joint displacements, and a further exorotated foot placement. In lateral landings frontal ankle and hip joint displacements were greater. Thigh muscle and m. tibialis anterior (TA) pre-activity as well as initial post-impact EMG were higher in lateral jumps than in lateral landings, whilst during the reflex-induced phase thigh and shank muscle EMG, except for TA, were enhanced in lateral jumps. From these findings it can be concluded that task specificity in lateral jumps in contrast to lateral landings impedes a stretch-load adequate modulation of initial impact forces which particularly affects ankle joint loading. Foot placement seems to play a decisive role for limiting lateral ankle and medial knee joint loading. Therefore, in sports containing high-impact frontal plane movements a special emphasis in training routines should be paid to foot placement strategy in those movements. Such training interventions might contribute to injury prevention in lateral movements.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Kyröläinen, H
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Grimmer
影响因子：
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作者：
Duncan, A;McDonagh, MJN
通讯作者：
McDonagh, MJN