Financial Hardship and Psychological Distress During the Pandemic: A Nationally Representative Survey of Major Racial-Ethnic Groups in the United States.
Financial Hardship and Psychological Distress During the Pandemic: A Nationally Representative Survey of Major Racial-Ethnic Groups in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1089/heq.2022.0197
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Napoles, Anna M. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alhomsi, Alia;Strassle, Paula D. D.;Ponce, Stephanie;Mendez, Izzy;Quintero, Stephanie M. M.;Wilkerson, Miciah;Stewart, Anita L. L.;Napoles, Anna M. M.
虽然经济困难一直与心理困扰联系在一起，但关于大流行期间经历的经济困难与心理健康之间的关系的研究很少。我们对美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、亚洲人、黑人/非裔美国人、拉丁裔(英语和西班牙语)、夏威夷原住民/太平洋岛民、白人和2021年12月2日多种族成年人进行了一项具有全国代表性的在线调查(n=5500)。衡量了六个财务困难领域(收入损失、债务、未满足的费用、未满足的医疗保健费用、住房不安全和粮食不安全)。心理痛苦测量包括焦虑-抑郁症状(患者健康问卷-4)、感知压力(修改后的感知压力量表)和孤独-孤立(“在过去的一个月里，你多久感到孤独和孤立？”)。用多项Logistic回归估计经济困难和心理痛苦之间的关系。总体而言，70.3%的参与者报告经历了经济困难(严重困难：21.3%；一些困难：27.4%；轻微困难：21.6%)，其中最有可能的是讲西班牙语的拉丁裔(87.3%)和夏威夷土著/太平洋岛民(79.2%)成年人。债务(57.6%)、收入损失(44.5%)和未支付费用(33.7%)是最常见的。经济困难与中、重度焦虑抑郁症状呈剂量-反应关系(轻微困难：调整优势比[AOR]=1.42，95%可信区间[CI]=1.12~1.80；部分困难：调整优势比=3.21，95%CI=2.58~3.98；实质性困难：调整优势比=8.15，95%CI=6.45~10.29)。在感受到的压力和孤独-隔离中也观察到了类似的剂量反应趋势。在大流行期间的经济困难和心理痛苦之间的联系中，没有看到种族和民族的差异。经济困难对大流行病期间的心理痛苦产生了重大影响；此外，虽然没有观察到经济困难的影响存在种族-族裔差异，因为少数族裔经历了更大的困难，但经济困难可能会加剧心理痛苦的差距。
While financial hardship has been consistently linked to psychological distress, little research exists on associations between financial hardship experienced during the pandemic and mental health. We conducted a nationally representative, online survey of American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Latino (English and Spanish speaking), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, White, and multiracial adults, 12/2020–2/2021 (n=5500). Six financial hardship domains were measured (lost income, debt, unmet expenses, unmet health care expenses, housing insecurity, and food insecurity). Psychological distress measures included anxiety-depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-4), perceived stress (modified Perceived Stress Scale), and loneliness-isolation (“In the past month, how often have you felt lonely and isolated?”). Associations between financial hardship and psychological distress were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. Overall, 70.3% of participants reported experiencing financial hardship (substantial hardship: 21.3%; some hardship: 27.4%; and a little hardship: 21.6%), with Spanish-speaking Latino (87.3%) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (79.2%) adults being most likely. Debt (57.6%), lost income (44.5%), and unmet expenses (33.7%) were the most common. There was a dose–response association between financial hardship and moderate/severe anxiety-depression symptoms (a little hardship: adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.12–1.80; some hardship: aOR=3.21, 95% CI=2.58–3.98; and substantial hardship: aOR=8.15, 95% CI=6.45–10.29). Similar dose–response trends were observed with perceived stress and loneliness-isolation. No racial-ethnic difference in the association between financial hardship during the pandemic and psychological distress was seen. Financial hardship has had a major impact on psychological distress during the pandemic; moreover, while no racial-ethnic difference in the effect of financial hardship was observed, because racial-ethnic minorities experienced greater hardship, financial hardship may exacerbate psychological distress disparities.
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影响因子：
5
作者：
COHEN, S;KAMARCK, T;MERMELSTEIN, R
通讯作者：
MERMELSTEIN, R
影响因子：
3.9
作者：
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DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm7005a3externalicon
发表时间：
2021-02-05
影响因子：
33.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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