Some muscular changes in the tail and thigh of reptiles and mammals
Some muscular changes in the tail and thigh of reptiles and mammals
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DOI：
10.1002/jmor.1050580203
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发表时间：
1935-12-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Haines, RW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Haines, RW
对爬行动物鬣蜥、巨蜥、鳄鱼和陆龟以及哺乳动物松鼠、Galago和疱疹的尾部和短股后肌进行了新的解剖，发现与文献中所述的结果相关。蜥蜴、楔齿兽和鳄鱼的情况是非常恒定的;在每种情况下，都有一个耻骨坐骨股肌外肌。从骨盆到股骨的坐骨转子肌，从尾部到股骨的深尾侧块，以及附着于髂骨和坐骨的浅尾侧片。在龟类中，随着步态的特化，深尾肌系统已经失去了与股骨的附着，并迁移到脊柱和骨盆的内表面上，而其他肌肉占据其典型的位置。在哺乳动物中，尾部深层肌肉组织发生了类似于龟类的变化，形成了耻骨肌、髂肌、骶肌和坐骨尾骨肌，而尾部浅层肌肉组织除了形成闭合括约肌的部分外已经消失。耻骨坐股肌外肌后部。形成了股方肌、坐骨转子肌、闭孔内肌和2个双子肌。在特殊的哺乳动物减少尾巴的尾部肌肉组织已接管新的功能，并成为以不同的方式重新专业化。
New dissections of the caudal and short posterior thigh muscles of the reptiles Iguana, Varanus, Crocodilus and Testudo, and the mammals Sciurus, Galago and Herpestes were made, and the findings correlated with those descr. in the literature. The condition in the lizards, Sphenodon, and crocodiles is very constant; in each case there is a puboischiofemoralis ext. and an ischiotrochantericus passing from the pelvis to the femur, a deep caudal mass passing from the tail to the femur, and a superficial caudal sheet attached to the ilium and ischium. In the Chelonia, with the specialization of the gait, the deep caudal musculature has lost its attachment to the femur, and has migrated onto the vertebral column and the inner surface of the pelvis, while the other muscles occupy their typical position. In the Mammalia the deep caudal musculature has undergone a change similar to that in the Chelonia, forming the pubo-, ilio-, sacro-and ischiococcygeus muscles, while the superficial caudal musculature has disappeared except for a part which forms a sphincter cloacae. The posterior part of the puboischiofemoralis ext. has formed the quadratus femoris, and the ischiotrochantericus the obturator in-ternus and the 2 gemelli. In specialized mammals with reduced tails the caudal musculature has taken over new functions and become respecialized in different ways.