Differential relation of discharge in primary motor cortex and premotor cortex to movements versus actively maintained postures during a reaching task
Differential relation of discharge in primary motor cortex and premotor cortex to movements versus actively maintained postures during a reaching task
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在完成任务期间，初级运动皮层和前运动皮层的放电与运动与主动保持姿势的差异关系
作者：
D. Crammond;J. Kalaska
我们比较了初级运动皮层（MI）和背侧运动前皮层（PMd）细胞在无事先指令的反应时间（RT）任务中到达运动时的活性，该任务需要在运动前后精确控制肢体姿势。MI神经元通常在运动前和运动中表现出强烈的、定向调节的活动，在将肢体置于不同目标上时也表现出大量的强直活动。他们的运动和姿势相关活动的方向性大致相似。手臂近端肌肉的表现类似。这与心肌梗死在运动输出的实时控制中的作用是一致的，包括运动和主动保持的姿势，并表明心肌梗死细胞与运动行为的这两个方面都有共同的功能关系。相比之下，PMd细胞通常更具阶段性，经常只发出强烈的活动爆发，主要局限于运动开始前的行为反应时间。不同体位下的PMd紧张性活动普遍弱于心肌梗死，且与运动相关的定向调谐之间的关系变化更大。这些结果表明，PMd对这项RT任务的主要贡献发生在运动本身开始之前，这与PMd在视觉引导运动的选择和计划中的作用一致。此外，PMd对运动和主动保持姿势的相对贡献的性质似乎与心肌梗死有根本不同。最后，在中央前回的背侧范围内，反应有一个连续的梯度变化，PMd和心肌梗死之间的反应特性没有突然转变。
The activity of cells in primary motor cortex (MI) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) were compared during reaching movements in a reaction-time (RT) task, without prior instructions, which required precise control of limb posture before and after movement. MI neurons typically showed strong, directionally tuned activity prior to and during movement as well as large gradations of tonic activity while holding the limb over different targets. The directionality of their movementand posture-related activity was generally similar. Proximal-arm muscles behaved similarly. This is consistent with a role for MI in the moment-to-moment control of motor output, including both movement and actively maintained postures, and suggests a common functional relation for MI cells to both aspects of motor behavior. In contrast, PMd cells were generally more phasic, frequently emitting only strong bursts of activity confined mainly to the behavioral reaction time before movement onset. PMd tonic activity during different postures was generally weaker than in MI, and showed a much more variable relation with their movement-related directional tuning. These results imply that the major contribution of PMd to this RT task occurred prior to the onset of movement itself, consistent with a role for PMd in the selection and planning of visually guided movements. Furthermore, the nature of the relative contribution of PMd to movement versus actively maintained postures appears to be fundamentally different from that in MI. Finally, there was a continuous gradient of changes in responses across the rostrocaudal extent of the precentral gyrus, with no abrupt transition in response properties between PMd and MI.
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DOI：
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