Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use
Current perspectives on oral contraceptive use
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目前对口服避孕药使用的看法
DOI：
10.1067/mob.2001.117416
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Williams, JK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burkman, RT;Collins, JA;Williams, JK
口服避孕药是最有效的避孕形式之一，可提供许多短期和长期的非避孕健康益处。它们可以控制月经周期不规律，例如突破性出血和闭经，并能有效治疗功能失调性子宫出血。此外，在停止使用口服避孕药后的几十年里，它们与卵巢癌（高达 80%）和子宫内膜癌（40%-50%）的风险大幅降低有关，并且几乎消除了良性功能性卵巢囊肿。长期使用口服避孕药可以预防良性乳腺疾病和结直肠癌，可能有助于预防类风湿性关节炎，减少宫外孕和盆腔炎住院率，并有助于保持骨矿物质密度以降低骨折风险。来自广泛研究的大量证据已经阐明了口服避孕药的使用与心血管疾病和乳腺癌之间的关联。研究结果表明，健康、不吸烟、血压正常的女性服用口服避孕药不会增加心肌梗塞或中风的风险。尽管目前使用口服避孕药会使静脉血栓栓塞的风险增加 3 至 4 倍，但绝对风险非常小，仅为怀孕风险的一半。所有育龄妇女，包括围绝经期妇女，都可以通过使用口服避孕药实现许多健康益处，包括改善晚年的健康状况。
Oral contraceptives are one of the most highly effective forms of contraception and provide many short- and long-term noncontraceptive health benefits. They control menstrual cycle irregularities, such as breakthrough bleeding and amenorrhea, and are effective in treating dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In addition, for decades after oral contraceptive use is discontinued they are associated with substantial decreases in the risk of ovarian cancer (up to 80%) and of endometrial cancer (40%-50%), and nearly eliminate benign functional ovarian cysts. Long-term oral contraceptive use confers protection against benign breast disease and colorectal cancer, may help prevent rheumatoid arthritis, decreases ectopic pregnancy and hospitalizations for pelvic inflammatory disease, and helps preserve bone mineral density to reduce risk of fractures. Large bodies of evidence from extensive research have clarified the perceived association of oral contraceptive use with cardiovascular disease and with breast cancer. Findings indicate that there is no increased risk of myocardial infarction or stroke associated with oral contraceptive use in healthy, nonsmoking, normotensive women. Although there is a 3- to 4-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism with current oral contraceptive use, the absolute risk is very small and is half that associated with pregnancy. Women of all reproductive ages, including perimenopausal women, can realize many health benefits through oral contraceptive use, including improved health status later in fife.