Reproductive decision making and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe
Reproductive decision making and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe
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DOI：
10.1080/03057070120049949
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发表时间：
2001-06-01
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Hill, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grieser, M;Gittelsohn, J;Hill, K
高儿童死亡率对生育决策（RDM）的生育刺激作用是人口研究的核心原则，但艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行对RDM的影响尚未在文献中得到彻底探讨。本文探讨了如何在津巴布韦的艾滋病毒/艾滋病高流行率的背景下阐述RDM。使用定性方法（35个焦点小组和46个深入访谈），我们发现，生育在津巴布韦成年人的生活中极其重要，需要孩子来巩固夫妻关系，无论是第一次婚姻还是随后的婚姻。大多数答复者说，由于艾滋病的流行，成人和儿童死亡率都大大增加。然而，与基于保险战略的预期相反，大多数答复者说，由于儿童死亡率明显上升，他们将减少生育。她们在孩子死亡后也不愿继续生育，这表明替代动机很弱。相反，许多答复者表示希望限制家庭规模，因为他们担心自己的死亡率及其对子女的负面影响。此外，似乎正在出现新的生殖战略，这些战略注重父母和儿童的健康，并基于母婴艾滋病毒传染率为100%的观念。成人艾滋病毒状况与儿童存活率有关，因为答复者解释说，有一个健康的儿童存活到5岁，表明父母也没有病毒，此时他们可以安全地继续生育。此外，经历过孩子死亡的夫妇不愿再生育，因为他们认为未来的孩子会死亡。最后，有人谈到要早生孩子，以避免感染艾滋病毒。这项研究提供的证据表明，津巴布韦人正在改变他们的生殖策略，以保护父母双方免受艾滋病的威胁。
The fertility-stimulating effect of high rates of child mortality on reproductive decision making (RDM) is a central tenet of population studies, yet the effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on RDM have not been thoroughly explored in the literature. This paper investigates how RDM is articulated in the context of high HIV/AIDS prevalence in Zimbabwe. Using qualitative methods (35 focus groups and 46 in-depth interviews), we found that childbearing is extremely important in the lives of adult Zimbabweans and that children are needed to cement the couple's relationship, whether it is the first or subsequent marriage. Most respondents said that the rates of both adult and child mortality were greatly increasing due to the AIDS epidemic. However, contrary to expectations based upon the insurance strategy, most respondents said that they would have fewer children as a result of the perceived increase in child mortality. They were also hesitant to continue childbearing after a child death, indicating only weak replacement motivation. Instead, many respondents expressed the desire to limit family size due to concerns about their own mortality and its negative effects on their children. Furthermore, new reproductive strategies seem to be emerging, which focus upon the health of parents and child and are based upon perceptions of 100 per cent maternal-infant HIV transmission. Adult HIV status is linked to child survival as respondents explained that having a healthy child who survives to age five indicates that the parents are also free of the virus and, at this point, they can safely continue childbearing. Additionally, couples who have experienced the death of a child are hesitant to give birth again because they believe future children would die. Finally, there was some talk of having children early in an attempt to avoid contracting HIV. This study presents evidence that Zimbabweans are altering their reproductive strategies in order to protect both parents from the threat of AIDS.