Three years of HARPS-N high-resolution spectroscopy and precise radial velocity data for the Sun

Three years of HARPS-N high-resolution spectroscopy and precise radial velocity data for the Sun
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三年的 HARPS-N 高分辨率光谱和精确的太阳径向速度数据

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/202039350
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Dumusque X
Dumusque X
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dumusque X

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自2015年夏天以来,连接到HARPS-N的太阳望远镜一直在观测太阳。这样一个高节奏的长基线数据集对于理解太阳和仪器引起的虚假径向速度信号至关重要。在仪器方面,这个数据集使我们能够检测到需要校正的亚m s-1系统。AimsThe手稿的目标是(i)为HARPS-N提供一个新的数据简化软件,(ii)展示这个新软件在HARPS-N太阳数据集的前三年所带来的改进,以及(iii)发布所有获得的太阳产品,从提取的光谱,以精确的径向速度。MethodsTo纠正仪器系统学中观察到的数据减少与当前版本的HARPS-N数据简化软件(DRS版本3.7),我们适应了新的可用ESTEGO DRS(版本2.2.3)的HARPS-N和开发新的优化配方的光谱仪。然后,我们比较了前三年的HARPS-N太阳能数据减少与当前和新的DRS。ResultsThe最显着的改进带来的新DRS是一个强烈的减少,在日常的径向速度散射,从1.27到1.07 m s-1,这是由于一个更强大的方法来获得波长的解决方案,但也使用校准更接近的时间。新推导的太阳径向速度与太阳色球活动水平的长期相关性也更好,Pearson相关系数为0.93,而之前为0.77,这是我们对恒星信号的理解所期望的。最后,我们还讨论了如何HARPS-N光谱鬼污染的测量的钙活性index.ConclusionsThis指数的仪器systematicsThis本文提出了一种新的数据简化软件HARPS-N和演示其改进,主要是在径向速度精度方面,当应用到前三年的HARPS-N太阳能数据集。这些新的太阳数据代表了前所未有的34550个高分辨率光谱和精确径向速度的时间序列,与本文一起发布。这些数据对于进一步了解太阳型恒星的恒星活动信号和开发使我们能够探测其他地球的缓解技术至关重要。
ContextThe solar telescope connected to HARPS-N has been observing the Sun since the summer of 2015. Such a high-cadence, long-baseline data set is crucial for understanding spurious radial-velocity signals induced by our Sun and by the instrument. On the instrumental side, this data set allowed us to detect sub- m s−1systematics that needed to be corrected for.AimsThe goals of this manuscript are to (i) present a new data reduction software for HARPS-N, (ii) demonstrate the improvement brought by this new software during the first three years of the HARPS-N solar data set, and (iii) release all the obtained solar products, from extracted spectra to precise radial velocities.MethodsTo correct for the instrumental systematics observed in the data reduced with the current version of the HARPS-N data reduction software (DRS version 3.7), we adapted the newly available ESPRESSO DRS (version 2.2.3) to HARPS-N and developed new optimised recipes for the spectrograph. We then compared the first three years of HARPS-N solar data reduced with the current and new DRS.ResultsThe most significant improvement brought by the new DRS is a strong decrease in the day-to-day radial-velocity scatter, from 1.27 to 1.07 m s−1; this is thanks to a more robust method to derive wavelength solutions, but also to the use of calibrations closer in time. The newly derived solar radial-velocities are also better correlated with the chromospheric activity level of the Sun in the long term, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.93 compared to 0.77 before, which is expected from our understanding of stellar signals. Finally, we also discuss how HARPS-N spectral ghosts contaminate the measurement of the calcium activity index, and we present an efficient technique to derive an index free of instrumental systematics.ConclusionsThis paper presents a new data reduction software for HARPS-N and demonstrates its improvements, mainly in terms of radial-velocity precision, when applied to the first three years of the HARPS-N solar data set. Those newly reduced solar data, representing an unprecedented time series of 34 550 high-resolution spectra and precise radial velocities, are released alongside this paper. Those data are crucial to understand stellar activity signals in solar-type stars further and develop the mitigating techniques that will allow us to detect other Earths.
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