Force majeure: Will climate change affect our ability to attain Good Environmental Status for marine biodiversity?
Force majeure: Will climate change affect our ability to attain Good Environmental Status for marine biodiversity?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.03.015
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
M. Elliott;Á. Borja;A. McQuatters‐Gollop;Krysia Mazik;S. Birchenough;J. Andersen;S. Painting;M. Peck
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文献类型：
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作者：
M. Elliott;Á. Borja;A. McQuatters‐Gollop;Krysia Mazik;S. Birchenough;J. Andersen;S. Painting;M. Peck
欧盟海洋战略框架指令 (MSFD) 要求欧洲海洋到 2020 年实现良好环境状况 (GEnS)。由于内源性管理压力（来自某个区域内的活动）和外部由于外源性非管理压力（例如气候变化），这些可能会偏离 GEnS、其 11 个描述符、目标和基线。概念模型详细说明了根据气候变化，海洋生物多样性和 GEnS 描述符可能发生或感知到的变化。我们强调，海洋管理必须适应气候变化引起的“基线变化”，特别是在 GEnS 监测、评估和管理期间，以及考虑到高度流动物种的迁徙和扩散的“无限边界”。我们认为，气候变化可能会阻碍 GEnS 的实现，但成员国可以通过声称这是其无法控制的、由于“自然原因”造成的不可抗力（MSFD 第 14 条）来反驳法律挑战。该分析与其他全球海洋的管理相关。
The EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires that Good Environmental Status (GEnS), is achieved for European seas by 2020. These may deviate from GEnS, its 11 Descriptors, targets and baselines, due toendogenic managed pressures(from activities within an area) and externally due toexogenic unmanaged pressures(e.g. climate change). Conceptual models detail the likely or perceived changes expected on marine biodiversity and GEnS Descriptors in the light of climate change. We emphasise that marine management has to accommodate ‘shifting baselines’ caused by climate change particularly during GEnS monitoring, assessment and management and ‘unbounded boundaries’ given the migration and dispersal of highly-mobile species. We suggest climate change may prevent GEnS being met, but Member States may rebut legal challenges by claiming that this is outside its control,force majeureor due to ‘natural causes’ (Article 14 of the MSFD). The analysis is relevant to management of other global seas.