PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES How Should Multifaceted Personality Constructs Be Tested ? Issues Illustrated by Self-Monitoring , Attributional Style , and Hardiness
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES How Should Multifaceted Personality Constructs Be Tested ? Issues Illustrated by Self-Monitoring , Attributional Style , and Hardiness
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发表时间：
2004
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通讯作者：
C. Carver
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作者：
C. Carver
两个或多个维度无意中同时变化被认为是令人困惑的，但一些人格理论有意将 3 个或更多不同的品质结合起来。使用这些理论的研究人员在测试预测之前对质量进行总结。这种做法有多明智？这种做法似乎源自两条不同的推理路线。其中之一假设组件维度收敛于单个潜在质量（潜在变量），每个维度都反映不完美。另一个假设维度之间存在协同作用。通过检查自我监控、归因风格和坚忍性来说明每条推理产生的问题。结论是：（a）每当潜变量理论仅通过复合材料进行测试时，信息就会丢失；（b）协同理论只能通过统计相互作用进行测试。
Two or more dimensions unintentionally varied simultaneously are said to be confounded, but several theories in personality intentionally combine 3 or more distinct qualities. Researchers using these theories sum the qualities before testing predictions. How wise is this practice? The practice appears to derive from 2 distinct lines of reasoning. One of them assumes that the component dimensions converge on a single underlying quality (latent variable) that each reflects imperfectly. The other assumes a synergy among dimensions. Issues arising from each line of reasoning are illustrated by examining self-monitoring, attributional style, and hardiness. Conclusions are that (a) information is lost whenever a latent variable theory is tested solely by a composite and (b) a synergistic theory can be tested only through a statistical interaction.