Relationships between land snail assemblage patterns and soil properties in temperate-humid forest ecosystems
Relationships between land snail assemblage patterns and soil properties in temperate-humid forest ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-2699.2003.01005.x
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sommer, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, K;Sommer, M
目的：(1)分析土壤pH、Ca含量和土壤湿度对森林生态系统中陆地蜗牛总密度和物种丰富度的综合影响；(2)探索蜗牛组合数量组成与生境特征之间的关系；(3)研究土壤pH与一些最常见物种密度之间的关系；(4)与欧洲其他温带湿润地区的研究数据进行比较。研究地点从15种景观类型中选择，包括德国西南部巴登-符腾堡州（35000公里）地区的不同岩性。方法在83个研究点对钉螺进行定量记录，4个样地，每个样地0.25 m(2)。对每个地点的表土样品进行了pH值、交换性钙和碳酸盐钙含量的分析。根据（气候）水分平衡，建立并定义了土壤水分（干、中、湿）三大类。通过聚类分析，确定了钉螺种群数量与土壤湿度和土壤ph的关系。结果表层土壤pH值（2.7 ~ 7.5）与土壤钙含量密切相关。在干燥土壤上，蜗牛总密度和物种丰富度普遍较低，且不随pH值变化，而在中湿土壤和湿土壤上，蜗牛总密度和物种丰富度随pH值的增加而明显增加。在相同土壤pH值下，在中等湿度点上，个体和物种的数量通常比中等湿度点高得多。密度与土壤pH值的关系因物种而异。在不同的物种中，密度只在pH值较低或较高的范围内增加，与pH值无关，或随pH值的增加而减少。此外，这些模式在同一物种中因区域而异。这一点在与其他研究的比较中变得明显，尤其是在德国西南部和斯堪的纳维亚半岛南部的研究中。通过聚类分析，确定了数量相似性较高的蜗牛组合亚群。类群的形成在一定程度上与土壤pH值有关，其中一个亚群与酸性土壤上的针叶林立地有关。从我们的数据中没有进一步的环境因素可以更详细地解释蜗牛组合的聚集。主要结论：在未受干扰的林地中，土壤湿度是钉螺密度和物种丰富度的最重要决定因素，但在中湿土和湿土中，土壤湿度和pH对这些模式的影响密切相关。然而，与螺密度和物种丰富度相比，陆地螺组合的数量物种组成与土壤性质的关系较小，而其他生境特征（如植被或凋落物质量）对物种优势度也很重要。
Aim The objectives were to (1) analyse the combined effects of soil pH, Ca content and soil moisture on total density and species richness of land snails in forest ecosystems, (2) explore relationships between the quantitative composition of snail assemblages and habitat characteristics, (3) investigate the relationships between soil pH and density of some of the most frequent species, and (4) compare the data with those from studies conducted in other temperate-humid regions of Europe.Location Study sites were selected from 15 landscape types including different lithologies within the area of Baden-Wurttemberg (35,000 km(2)), SW Germany.Methods Snails were recorded quantitatively from 83 study sites, with four plots representing a total of 0.25 m(2) per site. Topsoil samples from each site were analysed for pH, exchangeable Ca, and Ca content of carbonates. Three categories of soil moisture (dry, intermediate and wet) were established and defined according to the (climatic) water balance. Numbers of individuals and species were brought in relation to soil moisture and soil pH. Cluster analyses were conducted to identify groups of quantitatively similar snail species assemblages.Results Topsoil pH (2.7-7.5) and soil Ca contents were closely correlated. On dry soils, total snail density and species richness are generally low and do not change with pH, but clearly increase with increasing pH on intermediate moisture soils and on wet soils. On the latter, numbers of individuals and species are generally much higher compared with intermediate moisture sites at the same value of soil pH. Changes of density in relation to soil pH vary between species. Depending on the species, density increases only in the lower or only in the higher range of pH, is not related to pH, or decreases with increasing pH. Furthermore, these patterns vary within the same species depending on the region. This became evident from comparisons with other studies, particularly between sites in SW Germany and southern Scandinavia. From cluster analyses, subgroups of snail assemblages of high quantitative similarity were identified. Group formation is explained by soil pH to some extent, and one subgroup showed a connection with coniferous woodland sites on acidic soils. No further environmental factors available from our data could explain the clustering of snail assemblages more detailed.Main conclusions Soil moisture is the strongest determinant of snail density and species richness at undisturbed woodland sites, but effects of soil moisture and soil pH on these patterns are closely interrelated on intermediate moisture soils and wet soils. However, the quantitative species composition of the land snail assemblages is related to soil properties to a lower degree than snail density and species richness, and other habitat characteristics such as vegetation or litter quality, can be important for species dominance in addition.