Distribution of Living Larger Foraminifera NW of Sesoko-Jima, Okinawa, Japan
Distribution of Living Larger Foraminifera NW of Sesoko-Jima, Okinawa, Japan
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0485.1994.tb00059.x
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hohenegger, Johann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hohenegger, Johann
限制在光带的活的、有共生的、较大的有孔虫包括阻止太阳辐射和水流运输的机制。根据它们的墙壁结构可分为两组：1.测试墙不透明的家族，透光率较低：原藻类生活在从潮间带(大量的原藻类)到40米以下的浅水环境(Dendritina，喜欢沙质底物)。Soritids仅限于水湍流较少的潮下环境，范围从礁护城河到60米。两栖类和Margiopora常见到30米以下，而寄生虫仅限于珊瑚礁斜坡更深的部分。在礁坡上部40m处可发现肺泡藻类。2.具有透明测试墙的家庭，根据光线穿透进行调整：两栖动物栖息在整个光区，显示出测试平坦度与深度的相关性。钩虫用它们的刺附着在坚固的底物上，如藻类叶状体或大型藻类。杆状芽孢杆菌仅限于礁坪的高能区域。Calcarina生活在类似的环境中，其分布范围在前礁内延伸到80米以下。Baculogypsinoides是一种优势的Calcarinys属，深度从30到70米。在Nummutids中，Heterstegina喜欢在礁坡上的坚硬底物，而Assilina(=Operculina)经常出现在更深的部分，并且不依赖于底物。沙质海底从30米到60米，栖息着最后一种活着的针叶石属代表动物--脉金针虫。巨型有孔虫Cyclclypeus的测试大小可达7厘米，仅限于50米以下的前礁区域，一直到光带底部。
Living, symbiont-bearing, larger foraminiferids restricted to the photic zone incorporate mechanisms blocking solar radiation and water current transportation. They can be divided in two groups according to their wall structure: 1. Families with opaque test walls, reducing light penetration: Peneroplids inhabit shallow-water environments from the intertidal (Peneroplis in large numbers) down to 40 m (Dendritina, preferring sandy substrates). Soritids are restricted to subtidal environments with less water turbulence and range from the reef moat down to 60 m. Amphisorus and Marginopora are common down to 30 m, whereas Parasorites is restricted to deeper parts of the reef slope. Alveolinella can be found in the upper 40 m of the reef slope. 2. Families with hyaline test walls, adjusted for light penetration: amphisteginids inhabit the whole photic zone, demonstrating a correlation of test flattening with increasing depth. Calcarinids cling with their spines to firm substrates such as algal thalli or macroids. Baculogypsina is restricted to high energetic regions on the reef flat. Calcarina inhabits similar environments, extending its distribution range within fore reefs down to 80 m. Baculogypsinoides is a dominant calcarinid genus from 30 to 70 m depth. Within nummulitids, Heterostegina prefers hard substrates on the reef slope, while Assilina ( = Operculina) is frequent in deeper parts and is independent of substrates. Sandy bottoms from 30 to 60 m are inhabited by the last living representative of the genus Nummulites, N. venosus. The giant foraminifer Cycloclypeus, with test sizes up to 7 cm, is restricted to fore reef areas below 50 m down to the base of the photic zone.