Contribution to the preservation of healthy coastal ecosystems
Contribution to the preservation of healthy coastal ecosystems
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为保护健康的沿海生态系统做出贡献
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Vieira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. A. D. Carmo;J. Pinho;J. Vieira
污染物从市政和/或工业排水系统释放到沿海地区是一个对环境造成相当大影响的问题。为了最大限度地减少某些地方（例如海滩和水产养殖）沿海水域的污染，已经提出了基于建造海底下水道排污口的解决方案。为了确定释放使者的最佳条件，特别是释放地点，有必要表征控制感兴趣区域中污染物的演变和混合的水动力输送过程。沿海地区的环流是复杂的，它是由一套不同来源（气象、天文、大范围海洋环流等）的强迫机制决定的，使其具有相当大的时空变化。废水羽流行为和特性取决于受纳水条件和排放特性。因此，实施海底排放口系统需要事先研究排放口的建设地点，以获得释放到环境中的污染物的最佳稀释率。数学模型似乎是沿海地区环境管理的一个非常有用的工具，无论是连续监测分析还是意外生态系统破裂。这项工作提出了两个案例研究的一些结果和结论。第一个是对圣哈辛托海底下水道排放口释放的污染物云的研究，该排放口位于离岸约 3 公里、重要沿海泻湖（葡萄牙西北部）以北 3 公里处。本研究的主要重点是确定污染物释放可能影响海岸线（主要是现有海滩和泻湖）的水动力条件。第二个案例介绍了 Ria de Arosa（西班牙西北部）的一些水动力结果和水质方面，还包括对该海湾卫生计划中考虑的九个海底排污口废水排放的环境影响的评估。粪便物质浓度分布结果用于讨论不同水动力情景下排污口排放对自然水系统的影响。在这两种情况下，都使用了 3D 数值模型。
The release of pollutants into coastal zones from municipal and/or industrial drainage systems is a problem with a considerable environmental impact. In order to minimize the contamination of coastal waters in certain places (e.g., along beaches and in aquacultures), solutions based on the construction of submarine sewer outfalls have been proposed. In order to ascertain the optimal conditions for the release of an emissary, in particular the place of release, it is necessary to characterize the hydrodynamic transport processes that govern the evolution and mixture of pollutants in the area of interest. Circulation in the coastal zone is complicated, given that it is determined by a set of forcing mechanisms of diverse origins (meteorological, astronomical, large-scale ocean circulation, etc.) that endow it with a considerable space-time variation. Wastewater plume behaviour and characteristics depend both on the receiving water conditions and on the discharge characteristics. Accordingly, the implementation of a submarine outfall system requires a prior study of the site where the outfall is to be constructed, in order to achieve optimal rates of dilution of the pollutants released to the environment. Mathematical modelling appears to be a very useful tool for coastal zone environmental management either for continuous monitoring analysis or in accidental ecosystem rupture. This work presents some results and conclusions of two case studies. The first is a study of the pollutant cloud released at the Sao Jacinto submarine sewer outfall, located about 3 km offshore and 3 km north of an important coastal lagoon (NW Portugal). The main focus of this study was to establish the hydrodynamic conditions in which the pollutant release might affect the coastline (principally the existing beaches and lagoon). The second case presents some hydrodynamic results and water quality aspects of the Ria de Arosa (NW Spain), and also includes an assessment of the environmental impact of wastewater discharges from nine submarine outfalls considered in the sanitation plan of this bay. Results of faecal matter concentration distribution were used in the discussion on the outfall discharges’ impact on the natural water system for different hydrodynamic scenarios. In both cases, 3D numerical models were used.