Major challenges and opportunities in silicon solar module recycling

Major challenges and opportunities in silicon solar module recycling
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硅太阳能组件回收的主要挑战和机遇

DOI:
10.1002/pip.3316
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Simon, Ethan S.
Simon, Ethan S.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tao, Meng;Fthenakis, Vasilis;Ebin, Burcak;Steenari, Britt‐Marie;Butler, Evelyn;Sinha, Parikhit;Corkish, Richard;Wambach, Karsten;Simon, Ethan S.

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本文探讨了有关硅模块回收的一些基本问题:(1)可以从硅模块中回收什么?(2)需要哪些回收技术?(3)不同回收方案的潜在收入是多少?以及(4)不同回收方案的主要挑战是什么?三个回收方案被认为是:模块重用,组件提取和材料提取。概述了不同情况下的回收工艺顺序。讨论的结论是,模块再利用产生最高的收入与最少的处理步骤,而材料提取导致最低的收入与最多的处理步骤。建议将硅太阳能电池与玻璃板温和而清洁地分离是硅组件回收的关键技术。还有人认为,必须从硅模块中回收两种低浓度金属:作为稀缺材料的银和作为有毒材料的铅。它们的回收需要化学方法,而大块材料,包括碎玻璃,铝框架和铜线,可以用物理方法回收。电池中的硅可以提取不同的质量:硅铁,冶金级硅或太阳能级硅,具有更高的收入和更复杂的回收过程,以获得更纯的硅。应探索太阳能行业以外的回收硅市场。模块再利用的最大挑战是为每年数百千兆瓦的退役模块找到一个巨大而持续的市场,而组件提取的最大挑战是市场上许多不同的模块和电池结构以及电池效率的可变性。对于所有这三种情况,收集和处理废物模块的成本是一个共同的挑战。
This article examines some of the basic questions about silicon module recycling: (1) What can be recovered from silicon modules? (2) What recycling technologies are needed? (3) What are the potential revenues for different recycling scenarios? And (4) what are the major challenges for different recycling scenarios? Three recycling scenarios are considered: module reuse, component extraction, and material extraction. Recycling process sequences for different scenarios are outlined. The discussions conclude that module reuse generates the highest revenue with the fewest processing steps, while material extraction leads to the lowest revenue with the most processing steps. It is suggested that gentle and clean separation of silicon solar cells from the glass pane is a critical technology for silicon module recycling. It is also argued that two low‐concentration metals must be recovered from silicon modules: silver as a scarce material and lead as a toxic material. Their recovery requires chemical methods, while bulky materials including glass cullet, aluminum frame, and copper wiring can be recovered with physical methods. The silicon in the cells can be extracted with different qualities: ferro‐silicon, metallurgical‐grade silicon, or solar‐grade silicon, with a higher revenue and more complicated recycling process for purer silicon. Markets outside the solar industry for the recovered silicon should be explored. The biggest challenge for module reuse is to find a large and sustained market for hundreds of gigawatts peak of decommissioned modules a year, and the biggest challenge for component extraction is the many different module and cell structures on the market and cell efficiency variability. For all the three scenarios, the cost of collecting and processing waste modules is a common challenge.
通过数值模拟实现工业硅片太阳能电池的效率均匀化
DOI: --
发表时间: 2016
期刊:
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DOI: --
发表时间: 1997
期刊: Conference Record of the Twenty Sixth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference - 1997
影响因子: --
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2020
期刊: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
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DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.01.001
发表时间: 2017-03-01
期刊: SOLAR ENERGY
影响因子: 6.7
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