Endorphins: what are they? How are they measured? What is their role in exercise?
Endorphins: what are they? How are they measured? What is their role in exercise?
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内啡肽：它们是什么？
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
J. Sutton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Grossman;J. Sutton
阿片类药物的一般知识已经有几个世纪了，但直到1975年，在分离出第一种内源性阿片类药物后，人们才认识到它们的镇痛特性是通过特异性受体介导的。阿片类药物现在被分为三类：内啡肽、脑啡肽和强啡肽。内源性阿片肽的测定一直以来都不简单，现在放射免疫测定法已经取代了早期的生物测定法。当与免疫组织化学技术相结合时，放射免疫测定法可以在各种组织切片中精确定位阿片类药物。有证据表明，血浆中内啡肽的浓度，也可能是甲硫氨酸脑啡肽，随着运动而增加。此外，阿片肽对其他激素功能的影响具有重要意义，包括垂体激素和儿茶酚胺。运动期间的研究很少，纳洛酮已被广泛用作确定内源性阿片类药物对激素分泌作用的药物。根据所用纳洛酮的剂量，获得了略微矛盾的结果。使用高剂量纳洛酮时，似乎存在对皮质醇、催乳素和生长激素分泌的总体内啡肽抑制。内啡肽似乎对运动引起的心血管反应没有重大影响，但在高强度运动中，内啡肽似乎部分抑制运动引起的心血管反应。
A generalized knowledge of opiates has been available for centuries, but it was not until 1975, following the isolation of the first endogenous opioids, that it was appreciated that their analgesic properties were mediated via specific receptors. Three general classes of opioids are now recognized: the endorphins, the enkephalins, and the dynorphins. Assaying of the endogenous opioid peptides has never been simple, and now radioimmunoassay has replaced the earlier bioassays. When coupled with immunohistochemical techniques, radioimmunoassay allows precise localization of opioids in various tissue sections. There is evidence that plasma concentration of endorphins, and possibly also met-enkephalin, increases with exercise. In addition, the opioid peptides have important implications for the effects of other hormonal functions, including the pituitary hormones and catecholamines. Few studies during exercise are available, and naloxone has been used widely as the agent to determine the role of endogenous opioids on hormonal secretions. Slightly conflicting results have been obtained, depending on the dosage of naloxone used. With high-dose naloxone, there appears to be overall endorphin inhibition of cortisol, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion. Endorphins do not appear to exert a major influence on the cardiovascular response to exercise, but in high-intensity exercise, they appear to partially inhibit the ventilatory response to exercise.