Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings
Predictors of time spent outdoors among children: 5-year longitudinal findings
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.2009.087460
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Crawford, D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cleland, V.;Timperio, A.;Crawford, D.
背景
鉴于身体活动对健康的重要性以及身体活动随年龄增长而下降，了解对相关行为（如户外活动时间）的影响至关重要。本研究旨在了解个体、社会和物质环境对城市儿童户外活动时间纵向变化的影响。
方法
家长报告了孩子在2001年、2004年和2006年（基线年龄为5 - 6岁和10 - 12岁）的户外活动时间（n = 421）。2001年，家长自我报告了个体、社会和物质环境因素。广义估计方程检验了基线预测因素与5年期间户外活动时间平均变化之间的纵向关系。
结果
随着时间推移，儿童的户外活动时间显著减少。“室内倾向”对年幼和年长男孩以及年幼女孩的户外活动时间有反向预测作用。社交机会对年幼男孩的户外活动时间有正向预测作用，而“户外倾向”对年长男孩的户外活动时间有正向预测作用。家长对活动的鼓励对年幼和年长女孩的户外活动时间有正向预测作用，而放学后户外活动缺乏成人监管对年长女孩和年长男孩的户外活动时间有反向预测作用。
结论
个体（室内和户外倾向）和社会因素（社交机会、家长鼓励和家长监管）可预测儿童5年期间的户外活动时间。有必要采取干预措施以减少室内倾向、增加与他人的户外玩耍以及增强家长的鼓励和监管。
Background Given the importance of physical activity for health and age-related declines in physical activity, understanding influences on related behaviours, such as time outdoors, is crucial. This study aimed to understand individual, social and physical environmental influences on longitudinal changes in urban children's time outdoors.Methods The time children spent outdoors in 2001, 2004 and 2006 (aged 5-6 and 10-12 years at baseline) was reported by their parents (n=421). In 2001, individual, social and physical environmental factors were self-reported by parents. Generalized estimating equations examined longitudinal relationships between baseline predictors and average change in time outdoors over 5 years.Results Children's time outdoors significantly declined over time. "Indoor tendencies" inversely predicted time outdoors among younger and older boys, and younger girls. Social opportunities positively predicted time outdoors among younger boys, while "outdoor tendencies" positively predicted time outdoors among older boys. Parental encouragement for activity positively predicted time outdoors among younger and older girls, while lack of adult supervision for active play outdoors after school inversely predicted time outdoors among older girls and older boys.Conclusion Individual (indoor and outdoor tendencies) and social factors (social opportunities, parental encouragement and parental supervision) predicted children's time outdoors over 5 years. Interventions targeting reduced indoor tendencies, increased outdoor play with others, and increased parental encouragement and supervision are warranted.