Capacitors
Capacitors
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DOI：
10.1109/27.736020
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
MacDougall, FW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarjeant, WJ;Zirnheld, J;MacDougall, FW
在过去的十年中，通过结合先进的制造技术、新材料和诊断方法，等离子体科学和聚变研究应用中的能量放电应用的电容器性能，特别是可靠性和能量/功率密度显着提高，为高能脉冲应用提供必要的生命周期性能。老化分析方面的最新创新可用于预测组件性能和容错能力，特别是与下一代模拟器、电动聚变研究机器以及商业、工业和军事应用的先进高功率电子设备所需的极高能量存储应用相关。这项研究将包括用于电子滤波和谐振能量传输应用的电容器技术的发展，以及用于不间断电源等的多秒储能应用。在固态开关技术进步的推动下，下一代电力电子设备将需要在相同成本下将电容器损耗因数降低1/3至1/10，特别是对于交流应用。此外，更高功率的电子设备将需要强大的高频云母电容器技术来实现 >300°C 的操作（高达 5 kV）。电机驱动和工业开关模式电源 (SMPS) 市场的不断扩张将受到 750-850 Vdc 额定值、450 Vdc 成本和尺寸的电解电容器可用性的推动，从而降低成本。预计需要新的化成工艺和电解质来实现这些扩展的性能水平。在更高的频率下，先进的电力电子器件需要远低于 0.1% 至 100 MHz 的低等效串联电阻 (ESR)、多微法拉值固体钽电容器，并具有故障安全表面贴装配置。毫秒级和更长时间内的新兴电力电子应用预计将对电化学化学双层电容器产生广泛的应用需求，特别是对于紧凑尺寸的电化学双层电容器 具有在数十秒的放电时间下实现 20 kJ/kg 能量密度的潜力。 棱柱形功率调节系统的设计符合可用体积和要放置的表面，详细描述了该系统。它允许设计工程师灵活地优化设计，而无需为功率调节系统或子组件分配特定空间。由于多芯片模块开关、能量存储和平面互连方面的巨大进步，这种棱柱形几何功率和功率调节系统在低功耗消费者和工业领域变得商业上可行。这项工作建立在评估这些技术对兆瓦级平均功率、电力电子体系的适用性的基础上。更高功率密度的棱柱形电力电子器件可在商业领域实现广泛的应用，例如电机驱动、逆变器、电能质量系统和移动电源系统等。
Over the last decade, significant increases in capacitor performance, especially in reliability and energy/power densities, have been achieved for energy discharge applications in plasma science and fusion research applications through a combination of advanced manufacturing techniques, new materials, and diagnostic methodologies to provide requisite life-cycle performance for high energy pulse applications. Recent innovations in analysis of aging are introduced for predicting component performance and fault tolerance, especially relevant for very high energy storage applications necessary for next generation simulators, electrically energized fusion research machines, and advanced high power electronics for commercial, industrial, and military applications. Included in this study will be developments in capacitor technologies for electronics filtering and resonant energy transfer applications, as well as multisecond energy reservoir applications for uninterruptible power sources and the like.Next generation power electronics, driven by advances in solid state switching technologies, will require reduced capacitor dissipation factor by 1/3 to 1/10 at the same cost, particularly for ac applications. In addition, higher power electronics will require robust high frequency mica capacitor technology for >300 degrees C operation, up to 5 kV. The increasing expansion of the motor drive and industrial switched mode power supply (SMPS) market will be driven in cost by the availability of electrolytic capacitors of 750-850 Vdc ratings, at 450 Vdc cost and size. New formation processes and electrolytes are anticipated to be needed to achieve these extended performance levels. At higher frequencies, advanced power electronics drives the need for lower equivalent series resistance (ESR) much less than 0.1% to 100 MHz, multimicrofarad value solid tantalum capacitors, having fail-safe surface mount configurations.Emerging power electronics applications in the millisecond and longer time are projected to have a broad application need for electrochemical chemical double layer capacitors, especially for compact sizes as this technology has the potential of achieving energy densities of many 20 kJ/kg for discharge times of tens of seconds.The prismatic power conditioning system, designed to be compliant with the available volume and surfaces into which it is to be placed, is described in some detail. It permits flexibility for the design engineer to optimize the design without having to allocate a specific space for the power conditioning system or subcomponents. Such prismatic geometry power and power conditioning systems are becoming commercially feasible in the low power consumer and industrial regime because of dramatic advances in multichip module switching, energy storage, and planarized interconnections. This work builds on assessing the applicability of these technologies to the megawatt-class average power, power electronics regime. Higher power density prismatic power electronics enables a broad range of applications in the commercial arena in areas such as motor drives, inverters, power quality systems, and mobile power systems.