Life history adaptations and stress tolerance of four domestic species of Drosophila
Life history adaptations and stress tolerance of four domestic species of Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1343-8786.2003.00020.x
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发表时间：
2003-09
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
K. Kojima;M. Kimura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kojima;M. Kimura
对国内4种果蝇的生活史性状和抗逆性进行了研究。melanogaster， D. simulans， D. auraria和D. migrans——来了解它们是如何适应环境的。所有种类的幼虫体重在1天内几乎翻倍。相对卵重（卵重：蛹重）较小，幼虫期较长。蛹期最长的是金莲。然而，这些差异在幼虫期和蛹期的适应意义尚不清楚。较大种类的蛹壳通常较厚，可能是为了支撑较大的蛹体。雌性马齿苋产卵最早，繁殖力最大，其次为黑腹马齿苋。相比之下，迁徙田鼠和金灿灿田鼠的饥饿耐受性和羽化后体重的增加高于其他两种。黑腹扁蝽蛹的干燥耐受性最强，而金毛扁蝽蛹的干燥耐受性最低，且耐受性较差的品种似乎会选择更湿润的地点进行蛹化。成虫对干燥的耐受性在黑腹田鼠中最高，在拟南田鼠中最低。与其他物种相比，金金莲成虫的耐寒性较强，而迁徙性成虫的耐热性较低。这些生活史特征和应激耐受性的差异代表了果蝇物种的差异适应，并被认为是物种共存的原因。
Life history traits and stress tolerance were studied in four domestic species of Drosophila–D. melanogaster, D. simulans, D. auraria and D. immigrans– to understand how they adapt to their environments. In all species, larval weight approximately doubled in 1 day. The relative egg weight (egg weight : pupal weight) was smaller and the larval period was longer in D. immigrans than in the other three species. The pupal period was the longest in D. auraria. However, the adaptive significance of these differences in larval and pupal periods was not clear. The pupal case was generally thicker in the larger species, probably to support the larger pupal body. The start of oviposition was earliest and reproductive effort was greatest in female D. simulans, followed by female D. melanogaster. In contrast, starvation tolerance and the increase in bodyweight after eclosion was greater in D. immigrans and D. auraria than in the other two species. Pupal desiccation tolerance was greatest in D. melanogaster and lowest in D. auraria, and the less tolerant species seemed to select more humid sites for pupation. Adult tolerance to desiccation was greatest in D. melanogaster and lowest in D. simulans. In contrast, adult cold tolerance was greater in D. auraria and adult heat tolerance was lower in D. immigrans than in the other species. These differences in life history traits and stress tolerance represent the Drosophila species differential adaptations, and are assumed to allow coexistence of the species.