Treasured Possessions: Indigenous Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property
Treasured Possessions: Indigenous Interventions into Cultural and Intellectual Property
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珍贵财产：土著对文化和知识产权的干预
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
H. Geismar
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作者：
H. Geismar
当一个太平洋小国的仪式练习者对蹦极提出知识产权要求时，会发生什么？当一家德国公司成功捍卫其毛利名称商标时？或者当联合国教科文组织将短暂的沙画视为“非物质文化遗产”时？在《珍贵的财产》一书中，海迪·盖斯马尔探讨了两个截然不同的太平洋国家的普通民众和政策制定者如何重新定义文化和知识产权的全球形式。新赫布里底群岛是美拉尼西亚的一个小群岛，由英国和法国共同管理，直到1980年，现在是瓦努阿图的独立民族国家，人口超过95%是土著人。相比之下，新西兰是一个定居者国家和前英国殖民地，通过“双文化主义”的精神与其纠缠在一起的波利尼西亚和英国遗产进行接触，这意味着只涉及15%的土著人口。不同的财产、资源和遗产概念在这两个国家都有不同的历史背景。这些财产主张是在国家和国际背景下提出的，但它们来自特定的社区和文化景观，其基础是对祖先权力和遗产的认识。它们表明，知识和文化财产不仅是法律的概念，而且是维护土著特性和主权的有力手段。
What happens when ritual practitioners from a small Pacific nation make an intellectual property claim to bungee jumping? When a German company successfully sues to defend its trademark of a Māori name? Or when UNESCO deems ephemeral sand drawings to be "Intangible Cultural Heritage"? In Treasured Possessions, Haidy Geismar examines how global forms of cultural and intellectual property are being redefined by everyday people and policymakers in two markedly different Pacific nations. The New Hebrides, a small archipelago in Melanesia managed jointly by Britain and France until 1980, is now the independent nation state of Vanuatu, with a population that is more than 95% indigenous. New Zealand, by contrast, is a settler-state and former British colony that engages with its entangled Polynesian and British heritage through an ethos of "biculturalism" that is meant to involve an indigenous population of just 15%. Alternative notions of property, resources, and heritage—informed by distinct national histories—are emerging in both countries. These property claims are advanced in national and international settings, but they emanate from specific communities and cultural landscapes, and they are grounded in an awareness of ancestral power and inheritance. They reveal intellectual and cultural property to be not only legal constructs but also a powerful means of asserting indigenous identities and sovereignties.