Having Difficulties Reading the Facial Expression of Older Individuals? Blame It on the Facial Muscles, Not the Wrinkles.
Having Difficulties Reading the Facial Expression of Older Individuals? Blame It on the Facial Muscles, Not the Wrinkles.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620768
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Brunet NM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grondhuis SN;Jimmy A;Teague C;Brunet NM
先前的研究发现，识别老年人的面部表情比识别年轻人的面部表情更困难。目前尚不清楚这是由年龄相关的变化引起的，如皱纹和褶皱干扰感知，还是由面部肌肉的老化引起的，可能会降低老年人显示可解释表情的能力。为了区分这两种可能性，参与者试图在不同的条件下识别面部表情。为了控制变量（皱纹/褶皱与面部肌肉），我们使用生成对抗网络来使面部看起来更老或更年轻。基于从28个人收集的行为数据，我们的模型预测，当年轻的面孔（条件1）被人为老化（条件3）时，正确识别面部表情的几率降低了16.2%。然而，用自然的老面孔替换年轻面孔（条件2），结果更强（正确识别的几率降低了50.9%）。与直觉相反，让老面孔（条件2）看起来年轻（条件4）会产生最大的负面影响（与自然年轻面孔相比，正确识别的几率降低了74.8%）。综上所述，这些结果表明，与年龄相关的面部肌肉表达面部情绪的能力下降和与年龄相关的面部物理变化，解释了为什么很难从老年人的脸上识别面部表情;然而，前者的效果比后者强得多。因此，面部肌肉锻炼可能会提高老年人传达面部情绪表情的能力。
Previous studies have found it is more difficult identifying an emotional expression displayed by an older than a younger face. It is unknown whether this is caused by age-related changes such as wrinkles and folds interfering with perception, or by the aging of facial muscles, potentially reducing the ability of older individuals to display an interpretable expression. To discriminate between these two possibilities, participants attempted to identify facial expressions under different conditions. To control for the variables (wrinkles/folds vs facial muscles), we used Generative Adversarial Networks to make faces look older or younger. Based upon behavior data collected from 28 individuals, our model predicts that the odds of correctly identifying the expressed emotion of a face reduced 16.2% when younger faces (condition 1) are artificially aged (condition 3). Replacing the younger faces with natural old-looking faces (Condition 2), however, results in an even stronger effect (odds of correct identification decreased by 50.9%). Counterintuitively, making old faces (Condition 2) look young (Condition 4) results in the largest negative effect (odds of correct identification decreased by 74.8% compared with natural young faces). Taken together, these results suggest that both age-related decline in the facial muscles’ ability to express facial emotions and age-related physical changes in the face, explain why it is difficult to recognize facial expressions from older faces; the effect of the former, however, is much stronger than that of the latter. Facial muscle exercises, therefore, might improve the capacity to convey facial emotional expressions in the elderly.
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gbv100
发表时间：
2017-07-01
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
Grainger, Sarah A.;Henry, Julie D.;Allen, Roy
通讯作者：
Allen, Roy
DOI：
10.1044/jshr.2504.593
发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF SPEECH AND HEARING RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
WEINSTEIN, BE;VENTRY, IM
通讯作者：
VENTRY, IM
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Freudenberg, Maxi;Adams, Reginald B., Jr.;Hess, Ursula
通讯作者：
Hess, Ursula
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
Brunet, Nicolas M.;Sharp, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Sharp, Jonathan
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Gutierrez-Maldonado, Jose;Rus-Calafell, Mar;Gonzalez-Conde, Joan
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Conde, Joan