Cross-cultural and gender differences in childhood amnesia
Cross-cultural and gender differences in childhood amnesia
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DOI：
10.1080/09658210050156822
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发表时间：
2000-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Hayne, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacDonald, S;Uesiliana, K;Hayne, H
在两个实验中，我们研究了成年人早期记忆的跨文化和性别差异。为此，我们要求来自三种文化背景（新西兰欧洲人、新西兰毛利人和亚洲人）的男性和女性描述并确定他们最早的个人记忆。与过去的研究一致，亚洲成年人的记忆明显晚于欧洲成年人，但这种影响完全是由于亚洲女性的记忆非常晚。毛利人的传统文化非常强调过去，他们的记忆比其他两个文化群体的成年人要早得多。在这三种文化中，女性报告的记忆比男性报告的记忆包含更多的信息。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即我们最早记忆的年龄和内容受到包括文化和性别在内的多种因素的影响。这些因素必须纳入任何自传式记忆的综合理论。
In two experiments, we examined cross-cultural and gender differences in adults' earliest memories. To do this, we asked male and female adults from three cultural backgrounds (New Zealand European, New Zealand Maori, and Asian) to describe and date their earliest personal memory. Consistent with past research, Asian adults reported significantly later memories than European adults, however this effect was due exclusively to the extremely late memories reported by Asian females. Maori adults, whose traditional culture includes a strong emphasis on the past, reported significantly earlier memories than adults from the other two cultural groups. Across all three cultures, the memories reported by women contained more information than the memories reported by men. These findings support the view that the age and content of our earliest memories are influenced by a wide range of factors including our culture and our gender. These factors must be incorporated into any comprehensive theory of autobiographical memory.