A Multilevel Analysis of Gender Differences in Psychological Distress Over Time
A Multilevel Analysis of Gender Differences in Psychological Distress Over Time
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00591.x
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Botticello, Amanda L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Botticello, Amanda L.
女性患抑郁症的比例高于男性，这种差异在青春期开始显现，并一直持续到成年。本研究基于国家青少年健康纵向研究的两波数据（N=9,709名青少年，127所学校），使用分层线性模型来评估学校环境对青少年抑郁症状性别差异的影响。分析表明，在总体症状水平和抑郁的平均性别差异中，在既往症状和个人水平的协变量中，学校水平的差异都很显著。抑郁症状的总体水平与背景水平的社会经济地位（SES）劣势呈正相关。性别和抑郁症状与学校社会经济地位和总体感知社区安全之间的关系出现了跨水平的偶然性，使得性别“差距”在社会经济地位低劣势和感知安全水平高的环境中最为明显。这些结果强调了背景对理解心理健康差异发展的重要性。
Females have higher rates of depression than males, a disparity that emerges in adolescence and persists into adulthood. This study uses hierarchical linear modeling to assess the effects of school context on gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents based on two waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N=9,709 teens, 127 schools). Analysis indicates significant school-level variation in both overall symptom levels and the average gender gap in depression net of prior symptoms and individual-level covariates. Aggregate levels of depressive symptomatology were positively associated with contextual-level socioeconomic status (SES) disadvantage. A cross-level contingency emerged for the relationship between gender and depressive symptoms with school SES and aggregate perceived community safety such that the gender "gap" was most apparent in contexts characterized by low SES disadvantage and high levels of perceived safety. These results highlight the importance of context to understanding the development of mental health disparities.