ON SIGNIFICANCE OF DISPERSAL POWER FOR POPULATIONS OF CARABID-BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
ON SIGNIFICANCE OF DISPERSAL POWER FOR POPULATIONS OF CARABID-BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CARABIDAE)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00390612
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发表时间：
1970-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
BOER, PJD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BOER, PJD
通过对步甲种群的各种观察，作者试图对扩散的数量发生以及扩散与建立种群的机会（扩散力）之间的关系给出一个印象。陷阱捕获在最近开垦的“须德海”-圩田E-Flevoland表明，在7年内的一些单态macropterous和二态物种的个人已经建立了人口。从后者种群中全翅个体的频率非常高，可以得出结论，全翅步甲个体通常必须比不会飞的个体具有更大的扩散能力。因此，有翅的个体的二态物种是同样能够达到E-Flevoland的单态macropterous的，而单态brachypterous物种的个人显然是严重阻碍。早期出现的个人河岸物种的海岸上的人工湖在沙丘区“Meijendel”表明，特别是人口生活在不稳定的环境中广泛的“投资”在扩散。然而，看来，一个重要的“投资”在扩散显然不限于物种从不稳定的环境;至少有一些稀疏的人口生活在更稳定的环境也“牺牲”相对较大数量的个人的传播（Pterostichus strenuus）。提出的假设，即面临灭绝的高风险的人口一般将有足够的机会建立人口（高“营业额”）时，“投资”广泛的传播。不仅是长翅类，至少在某些种群中，短翅类个体也参与迁移，尽管在所研究的种群中，不能飞的个体的扩散能力非常小（Carabus problematicus）。在一定条件下，全翅型个体从翅型二型种群中扩散，最终可能导致扩散能力的降低，甚至丧失，这是由于大翅型个体出现频率的降低。然而，据推测，在某些自然条件下，短翅型个体也可能有助于种群内和种群之间的风险传播。本文讨论了单态大翅类、二态类和单态短翅类种群在德伦特这样的耕地农村的扩散能力。讨论了不同种类步甲种群的扩散能力与其在不同条件下的生存机会之间的关系。并对自然保护区的管理提出了建议。
By various observations on carabid populations the author attempts to give an impression of the quantitative occurrence of dispersal and of the relation between dispersal and the chance of founding populations (dispersal power). Pitfall-catches in the recently reclamed “Zuiderzee”-polder E-Flevoland demonstrate that within seven years individuals of a number of monomorphic macropterous and dimorphic species had founded populations there. From the very high frequency of full-winged individuals within the latter populations it follows that full-winged carabid individuals generally must have a much greater power of dispersal than flightless ones. Therefore, winged individuals of dimorphic species were about equally able to reach E-Flevoland as were those of monomorphic macropterous ones, whereas individuals of monomorphic brachypterous species obviously are seriously hampered. The early appearance of individuals of riparian species on the shores of an artificial lake in the dune area “Meijendel” suggests that particularly populations living in unstable environments extensively “invest” in dispersal. It appears, however, that an important “investment” in dispersal apparently is not restricted to species from unstable environments; at least some sparse populations living in more stable environments also “sacrifice” relatively great numbers of individuals for dispersal (Pterostichus strenuus). The hypothesis is proposed, that populations facing a high risk of extinction generally will have a sufficient chance of founding populations (high “turnover”) when “investing” extensively in dispersal. Not only macropterous but — at least in some populations — also brachypterous individuals participate in migration, although in the populations studied the dispersal power of flightless individuals is found to be very small (Carabus problematicus). Under certain conditions the dispersal of full-winged individuals from wing-dimorphic populations may ultimately lead to a decrease or even a loss of dispersal power by a decrease of the frequency of macropterous individuals. It is assumed, however, that under certain natural conditions also brachypterous individuals may contribute to the spreading of risk within and between populations. The dispersal power of monomorphic macropterous, dimorphic and monomorphic brachypterous populations in a cultivated countryside like Drenthe is discussed. The connection between the dispersal power of different kinds of carabid populations and the resulting chance of survival under different conditions is discussed. Some suggestions for nature preservation management are given.